School of Community and Global Health, Claremont Graduate University, 675 West Foothill Blvd, Ste 310, Claremont, CA, USA.
Pediatrics. 2013 Feb;131(2):e369-79. doi: 10.1542/peds.2012-1480. Epub 2013 Jan 28.
This study used prospective data to test the hypothesis that exposure to alcohol advertising contributes to an increase in underage drinking and that an increase in underage drinking then leads to problems associated with drinking alcohol.
A total of 3890 students were surveyed once per year across 4 years from the 7th through the 10th grades. Assessments included several measures of exposure to alcohol advertising, alcohol use, problems related to alcohol use, and a range of covariates, such as age, drinking by peers, drinking by close adults, playing sports, general TV watching, acculturation, parents' jobs, and parents' education.
Structural equation modeling of alcohol consumption showed that exposure to alcohol ads and/or liking of those ads in seventh grade were predictive of the latent growth factors for alcohol use (past 30 days and past 6 months) after controlling for covariates. In addition, there was a significant total effect for boys and a significant mediated effect for girls of exposure to alcohol ads and liking of those ads in 7th grade through latent growth factors for alcohol use on alcohol-related problems in 10th grade.
Younger adolescents appear to be susceptible to the persuasive messages contained in alcohol commercials broadcast on TV, which sometimes results in a positive affective reaction to the ads. Alcohol ad exposure and the affective reaction to those ads influence some youth to drink more and experience drinking-related problems later in adolescence.
本研究采用前瞻性数据检验了这样一个假设，即接触酒精广告会导致未成年人饮酒增加，而未成年人饮酒的增加又会导致与饮酒相关的问题。
在 7 至 10 年级的 4 年中，对 3890 名学生进行了每年一次的调查。评估包括对酒精广告暴露、饮酒、与饮酒相关的问题以及一系列协变量（如年龄、同伴饮酒、亲近成年人饮酒、参加体育运动、一般看电视、文化融合、父母的工作和父母的教育）的多项测量。
对酒精消费的结构方程模型分析表明，在控制协变量的情况下，七年级时接触酒精广告和/或对这些广告的喜爱可以预测酒精使用的潜在增长因素（过去 30 天和过去 6 个月）。此外，对于男孩来说，接触酒精广告和对这些广告的喜爱在 7 年级时对酒精使用的潜在增长因素有显著的总效应，对于女孩来说，这种接触和喜爱通过酒精使用的潜在增长因素对 10 年级的酒精相关问题有显著的中介效应。
年龄较小的青少年似乎容易受到电视上播放的酒精广告中包含的有说服力的信息的影响，这些信息有时会导致他们对广告产生积极的情感反应。酒精广告的接触和对这些广告的情感反应会影响一些年轻人在青少年后期饮酒更多并经历与饮酒相关的问题。
