去除品脱装对啤酒销售的影响：英格兰酒吧、酒馆和餐厅的 A-B-A 反转试验。

Impact on beer sales of removing the pint serving size: An A-B-A reversal trial in pubs, bars, and restaurants in England.

机构信息

Behaviour and Health Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.

Department of Health Services Research and Management, City, University of London, London, United Kingdom.

出版信息

PLoS Med. 2024 Sep 17;21(9):e1004442. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004442. eCollection 2024 Sep.

DOI:10.1371/journal.pmed.1004442

PMID:39288106

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11407663/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Smaller serving sizes could contribute towards reducing alcohol consumption across populations and thereby decrease the risk of 7 cancers and other diseases. To our knowledge, the current study is the first to assess the impact on beer, lager, and cider sales (hereafter, for ease, referred to just as "beer sales") of removing the largest draught serving size (1 imperial pint) from the options available in licensed premises under real-word conditions.

METHODS AND FINDINGS

The study was conducted between February and May 2023, in 13 licensed premises in England. It used an A-B-A reversal design, set over 3 consecutive 4-weekly periods with "A" representing the nonintervention periods during which standard serving sizes were served, and "B" representing the intervention period when the largest serving size of draught beer (1 imperial pint (568 ml)) was removed from existing ranges so that the largest size available was two-thirds of a pint. Where two-third pints were not served, the intervention included introducing this serving size in conjunction with removing the pint serving size. The primary outcome was the mean daily volume of all beer sold, including draught, bottles, and cans (in ml), extracted from electronic sales data. Secondary outcomes were mean daily volume of wine sold (ml) and daily revenue (£). Thirteen premises completed the study, 12 of which did so per protocol and were included in the primary analysis. After adjusting for prespecified covariates, the intervention resulted in a mean daily change of -2,769 ml (95% CI [-4,188, -1,578] p < 0.001) or -9.7% (95% CI [-13.5%, -6.1%] in beer sold. The daily volume of wine sold increased during the intervention period by 232 ml (95% CI [13, 487], p = 0.035) or 7.2% (95% CI [0.4%, 14.5%]). Daily revenues decreased by 5.0% (95% CI [9.6%, -0.3%], p = 0.038).

CONCLUSIONS

Removing the largest serving size (the imperial pint) for draught beer reduced the volume of beer sold. Given the potential of this intervention to reduce alcohol consumption, it merits consideration in alcohol control policies.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

ISRCTN.com ISRCTN18365249.

摘要

背景

较小的份量可能有助于减少人群中的饮酒量，从而降低 7 种癌症和其他疾病的风险。据我们所知，这项研究是首次评估在现实条件下，从持牌场所提供的选择中去除最大的生啤份量（1 品脱）对啤酒、窖藏啤酒和苹果酒销售（以下简称“啤酒销售”）的影响。

方法和发现

该研究于 2023 年 2 月至 5 月在英格兰的 13 家持牌场所进行。它采用了 A-B-A 反转设计，在连续 4 个为期 4 周的周期中进行，其中“A”代表不干预期间，在此期间提供标准份量，“B”代表干预期间，此时最大的生啤份量（1 品脱（568 毫升））从现有范围内去除，因此最大份量为三分之二品脱。如果不供应三分之二品脱，则干预措施包括引入这种份量，并同时去除一品脱份量。主要结果是从电子销售数据中提取的所有啤酒（包括生啤、瓶装和罐装）的平均每日销售量（毫升）。次要结果是销售的平均每日葡萄酒量（毫升）和每日收入（£）。13 个场所完成了研究，其中 12 个按照方案进行，并纳入了主要分析。在调整了预先指定的协变量后，干预导致平均每日变化-2769 毫升（95%置信区间[-4188，-1578]，p<0.001）或销售的啤酒减少 9.7%（95%置信区间[-13.5%，-6.1%]）。干预期间销售的葡萄酒每日增加 232 毫升（95%置信区间[13，487]，p=0.035）或 7.2%（95%置信区间[0.4%，14.5%]）。每日收入减少 5.0%（95%置信区间[9.6%，-0.3%]，p=0.038）。