State University of Campinas, Sports Science Department, Campinas, Brazil.
J Sports Sci. 2013;31(9):1015-23. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2012.762597. Epub 2013 Jan 29.
This study investigated the acute effects of different sizes of paddles on the force-time curve during tethered swimming and swimming velocity in front-crawl stroke. Fourteen male swimmers (20.0 ± 3.7 years; 100-m best time: 53.70 ± 0.87 s) performed two 10-s maximal efforts in tethered swimming to obtain peak force, average force, impulse, rate of force development, stroke duration and time to peak force. Swimming velocity, stroke rate and stroke length were obtained from two 25-m maximal swims. Both tests were repeated in five conditions: free swimming, wearing small (280 cm (2) ), medium (352 cm (2) ), large (462 cm (2) ) and extra-large (552 cm (2) ) hand paddles. Compared to free swimming, paddles provided significant increases of peak force (medium: 11.5%, large: 16.7%, extra-large: 21.7%), impulse (medium: 15.2%, large: 22.4%, extra-large: 30.9%), average force (medium: 5.1%, large: 7.5%), rate of force development (extra-large: 11.3%), stroke duration (medium: 9.3%, large: 11.8%, extra-large: 18.5%), time to peak force (medium: 11.1%, large: 15.9%, extra-large: 22.1%), swimming velocity (medium: 2.2%, large: 3.2%, extra-large: 3.7%) and stroke length (medium: 9.0%, large: 9.0%, extra-large: 14.8%), while stroke rate decreased (medium: -6.2%, large: -5.5%, extra-large: -9.5%). It is concluded that medium, large and extra-large paddles influence the force-time curve and change swimming velocity, suggesting these sizes may be useful for force development in water.
本研究旨在探讨在有绳泳中不同大小桨对划水力量-时间曲线和自由泳速度的急性影响。14 名男性游泳运动员（20.0±3.7 岁；100 米最佳时间：53.70±0.87 秒）在有绳泳中进行了两次 10 秒最大努力，以获得峰值力、平均力、冲量、力发展率、划水时间和达到峰值力的时间。游泳速度、划频和划距则通过两次 25 米最大游泳中获得。这两种测试在五种条件下重复进行：自由泳、戴小（280cm 2 ）、中（352cm 2 ）、大（462cm 2 ）和特大（552cm 2 ）手桨。与自由泳相比，桨提供了显著的峰值力增加（中：11.5%，大：16.7%，特大：21.7%）、冲量增加（中：15.2%，大：22.4%，特大：30.9%）、平均力增加（中：5.1%，大：7.5%）、力发展率增加（特大：11.3%）、划水时间增加（中：9.3%，大：11.8%，特大：18.5%）、达到峰值力的时间增加（中：11.1%，大：15.9%，特大：22.1%）、游泳速度增加（中：2.2%，大：3.2%，特大：3.7%）和划距增加（中：9.0%，大：9.0%，特大：14.8%），而划频降低（中：-6.2%，大：-5.5%，特大：-9.5%）。结论是，中、大、特大桨影响力量-时间曲线并改变游泳速度，这表明这些尺寸可能有助于水的力量发展。
