Department of Pharmacology, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
Br J Nutr. 2013 Jan;109 Suppl 2:S12-20. doi: 10.1017/S0007114512004035.
The immune system has evolved to live in a collaborative relationship with the microbiota, while still serving its seminal function to fight off invasive pathogenic bacteria. The mechanisms that rule the interactions between the intestinal microbiota and the intestinal immune system are the focus of intense research. Here, we describe how the innate immunity is, to a great extent, in charge of the control of the microbiota in the intestine and relies on non-specific receptors called pathogen-recognition receptors. While the microbiota has a well-defined effect on the host immune homoeostasis, it has become clear that the opposite is also true, i.e., the mucosal immune system has the capacity to shape the microbial population. The mechanisms that rule the reciprocal regulation between host immunity and commensal bacteria (including specific bacteria) are currently being elucidated and will be described here. A better knowledge of how the host and bacteria interact and how the intestinal microbiota and the immune system are co-regulated will provide the basis for a better understanding of intestinal and systemic immunopathologies and for the development of new therapeutic approaches.
免疫系统已经进化到与微生物群落共生，同时仍然履行其抵抗入侵性病原菌的基本功能。目前，研究的重点是支配肠道微生物群落与肠道免疫系统之间相互作用的机制。在这里，我们描述了先天免疫系统在多大程度上负责控制肠道中的微生物群落，并依赖于被称为病原体识别受体的非特异性受体。虽然微生物群对宿主免疫稳态有明确的影响，但显然相反的情况也是如此，即黏膜免疫系统有能力塑造微生物种群。目前正在阐明支配宿主免疫与共生菌（包括特定细菌）之间相互调节的机制，并将在这里进行描述。更好地了解宿主和细菌如何相互作用以及肠道微生物群落和免疫系统如何协同调节，将为更好地理解肠道和全身免疫病理学以及开发新的治疗方法提供基础。
