Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, and Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California 92697-4025, USA.
Nat Rev Immunol. 2016 Mar;16(3):135-48. doi: 10.1038/nri.2015.17. Epub 2016 Feb 22.
The intestinal mucosa is a particularly dynamic environment in which the host constantly interacts with trillions of commensal microorganisms, known as the microbiota, and periodically interacts with pathogens of diverse nature. In this Review, we discuss how mucosal immunity is controlled in response to enteric bacterial pathogens, with a focus on the species that cause morbidity and mortality in humans. We explain how the microbiota can shape the immune response to pathogenic bacteria, and we detail innate and adaptive immune mechanisms that drive protective immunity against these pathogens. The vast diversity of the microbiota, pathogens and immune responses encountered in the intestines precludes discussion of all of the relevant players in this Review. Instead, we aim to provide a representative overview of how the intestinal immune system responds to pathogenic bacteria.
肠黏膜是一个特别动态的环境，在这个环境中，宿主不断与数以万亿计的共生微生物（称为微生物组）相互作用，并定期与各种性质的病原体相互作用。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了黏膜免疫是如何针对肠道细菌病原体进行控制的，重点是那些导致人类发病和死亡的物种。我们解释了微生物组如何影响对病原菌的免疫反应，并详细介绍了驱动针对这些病原体的保护性免疫的先天和适应性免疫机制。肠道中遇到的微生物组、病原体和免疫反应的巨大多样性使得在这篇综述中不可能讨论所有相关的参与者。相反，我们旨在提供一个代表性的概述，说明肠道免疫系统如何对病原菌作出反应。
