1Department of Personal Health Solutions, Philips Research, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; 2Italian Gymnastics Federation, Rome, Italy; 3Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
J Strength Cond Res. 2013 Oct;27(10):2782-90. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e31828783cc.
In gymnastics, monitoring of the training load and assessment of the psychophysiological status of elite athletes is important for training planning and to avoid overtraining, consequently reducing the risk of injures. The aim of this study was to examine whether heart rate variability (HRV) is a valuable tool to determine training load and psychophysiological status in young elite gymnasts. Six young male elite gymnasts took part in a 10-week observational study. During this period, beat-to-beat heart rate intervals were measured every training day in weeks 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9. Balance, agility, upper limb maximal strength, lower limb explosive, and elastic power were monitored during weeks 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10. Training load of each training session of all 10 weeks was assessed by session rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and psychophysiological status by Foster's index. Morning supine HRV (HF% and LF%/HF%) correlated with the training load of the previous day (r = 0.232, r = -0.279, p < 0.05 ). Morning supine to sitting HRV difference (mean R wave to R wave interval (RR), mean heart rate, HF%, SD1) correlated with session RPE of the previous day (r = -0.320, r = 0.301, p < 0.01; r = 0.265, r = -0.270, p < 0.05) but not with Foster's index. Training day/reference day HRV difference (mean RR, SD1) showed the best correlations with session RPE of the previous day (r = -0.384, r = -0.332, p < 0.01) and Foster's index (r = -0.227, r = -0.260, p < 0.05). In conclusion, HRV, and in particular training day/reference day mean RR difference or SD1 difference, could be useful in monitoring training load and psychophysiological status in young male elite gymnasts.
在体操中，监测训练负荷和评估精英运动员的心理生理状态对于训练计划非常重要，可以避免过度训练，从而降低受伤的风险。本研究的目的是探讨心率变异性（HRV）是否是确定年轻精英体操运动员训练负荷和心理生理状态的有用工具。六名年轻男性精英体操运动员参加了一项为期 10 周的观察研究。在此期间，在第 1、3、5、7 和 9 周的每个训练日测量逐拍心率间隔。在第 2、4、6、8 和 10 周监测平衡、敏捷、上肢最大力量、下肢爆发力和弹性力量。通过每个训练日的训练日 RPE 和福斯特指数评估训练负荷和心理生理状态。早晨仰卧位 HRV（HF%和 LF%/HF%）与前一天的训练负荷相关（r = 0.232，r = -0.279，p < 0.05）。早晨仰卧位到坐姿 HRV 差异（平均 R 波到 R 波间隔（RR）、平均心率、HF%、SD1）与前一天的训练日 RPE 相关（r = -0.320，r = 0.301，p < 0.01；r = 0.265，r = -0.270，p < 0.05），但与福斯特指数无关。训练日/参考日 HRV 差异（平均 RR、SD1）与前一天的训练日 RPE 显示出最佳相关性（r = -0.384，r = -0.332，p < 0.01）和福斯特指数（r = -0.227，r = -0.260，p < 0.05）。总之，HRV，特别是训练日/参考日平均 RR 差异或 SD1 差异，可用于监测年轻男性精英体操运动员的训练负荷和心理生理状态。
