Laboratory of Sport Psychology, Department of Basic Psychology, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Sport Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
PeerJ. 2022 Mar 30;10:e13094. doi: 10.7717/peerj.13094. eCollection 2022.
The present study seeks to explore the relationship between measures of cycling training on a given day and the heart rate variability (HRV) and mood states obtained the following morning. The association between HRV and mood state is also studied, as is the relationship between internal and external measures of training.
During a 6-week period, five recreational road cyclists collected 123 recordings of morning HRV and morning mood, and 66 recordings of training power and rate of perceived exertion (RPE). Training power was used as an external measure of performance and RPE as an internal measure of performance. The HRV parameters used in the study were the mean of RR intervals (mean RR) and the standard deviation of all RR intervals (SDNN) as time domain analysis, and the normalized high frequency band (HFnu), normalized low frequency band (LFnu) and the ratio between low and high frequency bands, as frequency domain analysis. Mood was measured using a 10-point cognitive scale.
It was found that the higher the training power on a given day, the lower the HFnu and the higher LF/HF were on the following morning. At the same time, results showed an inverse relationship between training and mood, so the tougher a training session, the lower the mood the following day. A relationship between morning HRV and mood was also found, so that the higher mean RR and HFnu, the more positive the mood (r = 0.497 and r = 0.420 respectively; < 0.001). Finally, RPE correlated positively with external power load variables (IF: r = 0.545; < 0.001).
Altogether, the results indicate a relationship between training of cyclists on a given day and their morning HRV and mood state on the following day. Mood and HRV also seem positively related. It is argued that developing a monitoring system that considers external and internal training loads, together with morning mood, could help understand the state of the individual, enabling feedback to athletes to facilitate the adaptation to training and to prevent problems associated with overtraining. However, more research is needed to further understand the association between the different variables considered.
本研究旨在探讨特定日的骑行训练量与次日清晨心率变异性（HRV）和情绪状态之间的关系。还研究了 HRV 与情绪状态之间的关联，以及内部和外部训练测量之间的关系。
在 6 周的时间里，5 名休闲公路自行车手共采集了 123 次清晨 HRV 和清晨情绪以及 66 次训练功率和感觉用力程度（RPE）的记录。训练功率被用作运动表现的外部测量指标，RPE 被用作运动表现的内部测量指标。本研究中使用的 HRV 参数包括平均 RR 间期（mean RR）和所有 RR 间期的标准差（SDNN）作为时域分析，以及归一化高频带（HFnu）、归一化低频带（LFnu）和低频与高频带的比值，作为频域分析。情绪使用 10 分认知量表进行测量。
结果发现，特定日的训练功率越高，次日清晨的 HFnu 越低，LF/HF 越高。同时，结果表明训练与情绪呈负相关，因此训练强度越大，次日的情绪越低。还发现清晨 HRV 与情绪之间存在关系，即平均 RR 和 HFnu 越高，情绪越积极（r = 0.497 和 r = 0.420；均 < 0.001）。最后，RPE 与外部功率负荷变量呈正相关（IF：r = 0.545； < 0.001）。
总之，结果表明特定日的自行车手训练与次日清晨的 HRV 和情绪状态之间存在关系。情绪和 HRV 之间似乎也存在正相关。有人认为，开发一种考虑外部和内部训练负荷以及清晨情绪的监测系统，可以帮助了解个体的状态，为运动员提供反馈，促进其适应训练并防止与过度训练相关的问题。然而，需要进一步的研究来进一步理解所考虑的不同变量之间的关联。
