Institute of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Germany.
J Anim Sci. 2012 Dec;90 Suppl 4:321-3. doi: 10.2527/jas.53775.
Human patients suffering from exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) are susceptible to deficiencies in fat-soluble vitamins. In children with cystic fibrosis, EPI is common and aspects of sufficient vitamin supply are of special interest. The aim of this study was to determine the best application form to maintain vitamin A and E levels in the physiological range in growing pigs with EPI (induced by pancreatic duct ligation) as a model for children. The pancreatic duct was ligated (PL) in twelve 8-wk-old pigs; 4 sham-operated pigs served as controls (Con). Pigs (n = 16) were individually housed and fed a diet containing 13,393 IU vitamin A and 122 mg vitamin E/kg DM. The PL pigs (n = 12) were divided into 3 groups (n = 4) 2 wk after surgery: PL-0, without extra vitamin supply; PL+ORAL, 90,000 IU vitamin A and 600 mg vitamin E/kg of DM plus emulsifier E 484 added to the diet; and PL+IM, intramuscular injection of vitamin A (5,250 IU) and vitamin E [aqueous; 3.15 mg/(kg BW · wk)] plus 700 mg vitamin E (oily)/(animal · wk). All PL pigs were supplemented with the pancrelipase Creon (19.8 g = 1,048,727 IU lipase/kg feed) beginning 2 wk after ligation of the pancreatic duct. Pigs were euthanized at 16 wk of age. Tocopherol levels (mg/kg DM) in liver were reduced (P ≤ 0.005) in PL-0 and PL+IM (6.91 and 8.61, respectively) whereas PL+ORAL did not differ from Con (27.4 and 25.8, respectively; P ≥ 0.77). Compared to control pigs (241 ± 14.1 mg vitamin A/kg DM of liver), the concentration of vitamin A (mg/kg DM) in liver was lower (P < 0.003) in PL-0 (136 ± 18.5) but higher (P < 0.003) in PL+ORAL (375 ± 50.0). In the group PL+IM a high individual variation was observed (288 ± 142 mg vitamin A/kg DM of liver). Extra dietary supply of high doses of vitamin A and E with an efficient emulsifier was adequate to maintain vitamin A and E in liver tissue within reference values. The present data underline the need for extra supplementation of vitamin A and E in juvenile patients with EPI and indicate that oral application is suitable.
患有胰腺外分泌功能不全 (EPI) 的人类患者容易出现脂溶性维生素缺乏。在囊性纤维化儿童中，EPI 很常见，足够的维生素供应方面尤其值得关注。本研究的目的是确定最佳应用形式，以维持患有 EPI（通过胰腺管结扎诱导）的生长猪的维生素 A 和 E 水平在生理范围内，作为儿童的模型。将胰腺管结扎 (PL) 在 12 头 8 周龄的猪中进行；4 头假手术猪作为对照 (Con)。猪（n = 16）单独饲养，并喂食含有 13393 IU 维生素 A 和 122 mg 维生素 E/kg DM 的饮食。PL 猪（n = 12）在手术后 2 周分为 3 组（n = 4）：PL-0，无额外维生素供应；PL+ORAL，90,000 IU 维生素 A 和 600 mg 维生素 E/kg DM 加乳化剂 E484 添加到饮食中；和 PL+IM，肌肉注射维生素 A（5250 IU）和维生素 E[水性；3.15 mg/（kg BW·wk）]加 700 mg 维生素 E（油性）/（动物·wk）。所有 PL 猪在胰腺管结扎后 2 周开始补充胰酶 Creon（19.8 g = 1048727 IU 脂肪酶/kg 饲料）。猪在 16 周龄时被安乐死。PL-0 和 PL+IM 中的肝脏中维生素 E 水平（mg/kg DM）降低（P ≤ 0.005），分别为 6.91 和 8.61，而 PL+ORAL 与 Con 无差异（分别为 27.4 和 25.8，P ≥ 0.77）。与对照猪（241 ± 14.1 mg 维生素 A/kg DM 的肝脏）相比，PL-0 中的维生素 A 浓度（mg/kg DM）较低（P < 0.003）（136 ± 18.5），但 PL+ORAL 中较高（P < 0.003）（375 ± 50.0）。在 PL+IM 组中，观察到个体差异很大（288 ± 142 mg 维生素 A/kg DM 的肝脏）。用高效乳化剂额外补充高剂量的维生素 A 和 E 足以维持肝脏组织中的维生素 A 和 E 在参考值范围内。本数据强调了青少年 EPI 患者额外补充维生素 A 和 E 的必要性，并表明口服应用是合适的。
