Medical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada.
Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2013 Jan;91(1):15-21. doi: 10.1139/cjpp-2012-0249. Epub 2013 Jan 24.
The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current research on oxidative stress in eukaryotic microalgae and the antioxidant compounds microalgae utilize to control oxidative stress. With the potential to exploit microalgae for the large-scale production of antioxidants, interest in how microalgae manage oxidative stress is growing. Microalgae can experience increased levels of oxidative stress and toxicity as a result of environmental conditions, metals, and chemicals. The defence mechanisms for microalgae include antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidases, and glutathione reductase, as well as non-enzymatic antioxidant molecules such as phytochelatins, pigments, polysaccharides, and polyphenols. Discussed herein are the 3 areas the literature has focused on, including how conditions stress microalgae and how microalgae respond to oxidative stress by managing reactive oxygen species. The third area is how beneficial microalgae antioxidants are when administered to cancerous mammalian cells or to rodents experiencing oxidative stress.
本综述的目的是概述真核微藻中氧化应激的研究现状，以及微藻用于控制氧化应激的抗氧化化合物。由于有从微藻中大规模生产抗氧化剂的潜力，人们对微藻如何应对氧化应激的兴趣日益浓厚。由于环境条件、金属和化学物质的影响，微藻会经历更高水平的氧化应激和毒性。微藻的防御机制包括超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶和谷胱甘肽还原酶等抗氧化酶，以及植物螯合肽、色素、多糖和多酚等非酶抗氧化分子。本文讨论了文献关注的 3 个领域，包括条件如何胁迫微藻，以及微藻如何通过管理活性氧来应对氧化应激。第三个领域是当有益的微藻抗氧化剂被施用于癌变的哺乳动物细胞或经历氧化应激的啮齿动物时，它们是如何发挥作用的。
