Department of Palliative Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
J Palliat Med. 2013 Mar;16(3):301-4. doi: 10.1089/jpm.2012.0394. Epub 2013 Jan 31.
Access to palliative care has been advocated as a human right by international associations, based on the right to the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health. It has been argued that failure to provide palliative care for patients facing severe pain could constitute cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment. Yet the governments of many countries throughout the world have still not acknowledged a human right to access palliative care for all those who need it. The European Association for Palliative Care (EAPC), the International Association for Hospice and Palliative Care (IAHPC), and Human Rights Watch (HRW) discussed this at the EAPC congress in 2011 and formulated the Lisbon Challenge: Governments must: (1) put in place health policies that address the needs of patients with life-limiting or terminal illnesses; (2) ensure access to essential medicines, including controlled medications, to all who need them; (3) ensure that health care workers receive adequate training on palliative care and pain management at undergraduate levels; and (4) facilitate and promote the implementation of palliative care services as part of available health services.
国际协会主张，获得姑息治疗是一项人权，这是基于享有能达到的最高身心健康标准的权利。有人认为，未能为面临严重疼痛的患者提供姑息治疗，可能构成残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇。然而，世界上许多国家的政府仍然没有承认所有人都有权获得姑息治疗。欧洲姑息治疗协会（EAPC）、国际姑息治疗协会（IAHPC）和人权观察组织（HRW）在 2011 年的 EAPC 大会上对此进行了讨论，并提出了里斯本挑战：政府必须：（1）制定卫生政策，满足患有绝症或绝症的患者的需求；（2）确保所有需要的人都能获得基本药物，包括管制药物；（3）确保医护人员在本科水平上接受姑息治疗和疼痛管理方面的充分培训；（4）促进和推动姑息治疗服务的实施，作为现有卫生服务的一部分。
