IBS, Unit of Personality, Work and Health Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Psychol Med. 2013 Nov;43(11):2417-26. doi: 10.1017/S0033291713000056. Epub 2013 Feb 1.
Low socio-economic status (SES), and a conflictive, cold and unsupportive family environment in childhood have been associated with early adulthood hostility. However, it is unknown whether this association changes in magnitude with age from childhood to adulthood. We investigated whether childhood family factors (SES and parental child-rearing style) predicted differential development of offspring hostility and anger from early to middle adulthood.
Between 2041 and 2316 participants (age range 3-18 years at baseline) were selected from the longitudinal Young Finns study. The participants were followed for 27 years between 1980 and 2007. Childhood SES and parent's self-reported child-rearing style were measured twice: at baseline and 3 years after baseline. Hostility and anger were assessed with self-report questionnaires at 12, 17, 21 and 27 years after baseline.
Low parental SES and hostile child-rearing style at baseline predicted higher mean levels of offspring anger and hostility. Low parental SES and one of the hostile child-rearing style components (strict disciplinary style) became more strongly associated with offspring hostility with age, suggesting an accumulating effect.
Childhood family factors predict the development of hostility and anger over 27 years and some of these family factors have a long-term accumulating effect on the development of hostility.
低社会经济地位（SES）以及童年时期充满冲突、冷漠和缺乏支持的家庭环境与成年早期的敌意有关。然而，尚不清楚这种关联在从童年到成年的年龄变化过程中其强度是否会发生变化。我们调查了童年期家庭因素（SES 和父母的育儿方式）是否可以预测子女的敌意和愤怒从早期到中年的不同发展。
在纵向的“芬兰青年研究”中，从 1980 年至 2007 年期间，共选择了 2041 至 2316 名参与者（基线时年龄为 3-18 岁）。参与者在 27 年的时间内被跟踪随访。童年 SES 和父母自我报告的育儿方式在基线和基线后 3 年测量了两次。在基线后 12、17、21 和 27 年，通过自我报告问卷评估了敌意和愤怒。
基线时父母 SES 较低和养育方式具有敌意，预示着子女的愤怒和敌意程度较高。随着年龄的增长，低 SES 和敌对育儿方式的其中一个组成部分（严格的纪律风格）与子女的敌意之间的相关性更强，这表明存在累积效应。
童年期家庭因素可预测 27 年内的敌意和愤怒发展，其中一些家庭因素对敌意的发展具有长期的累积效应。
