Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Allianz, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
Trends Cell Biol. 2013 May;23(5):210-7. doi: 10.1016/j.tcb.2013.01.002. Epub 2013 Jan 28.
Rhomboids constitute a conserved protein superfamily that specifically binds membrane proteins and directs them into various different cellular pathways ranging from regulated secretion to endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD). Rhomboid proteases are known to release protein domains from membranes by a cut in their membrane anchor, whereas an emerging new class of rhomboid-family proteins lacks key catalytic residues and is not proteolytically active. Recent work has shown that these rhomboid pseudoproteases, including iRhoms and derlins, bind membrane proteins to regulate their fate, but the underlying molecular mechanism is not known. This review summarizes recent advances in the molecular understanding of rhomboid-family proteins and discusses common principles in how they recognize and bind proteins in the plane of the membrane.
菱形蛋白构成了一个保守的蛋白质超家族，专门结合膜蛋白，并将其引导到各种不同的细胞途径中，从调节分泌到内质网（ER）相关降解（ERAD）。已知菱形蛋白酶通过在其膜锚定点切割来从膜上释放蛋白结构域，而新兴的一类菱形家族蛋白缺乏关键的催化残基，并且没有蛋白水解活性。最近的研究表明，这些菱形假蛋白酶，包括 iRhoms 和 derlins，结合膜蛋白来调节它们的命运，但潜在的分子机制尚不清楚。本文综述了近年来对菱形家族蛋白分子理解的进展，并讨论了它们在识别和结合膜平面上蛋白方面的共同原理。
