Burdelak Weronika, Bukowska Agnieszka, Krysicka Jolanta, Pepłońska Beata
Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine/Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. J. Nofera, Łódz, Poland.
Med Pr. 2012;63(5):517-29.
The aim of this study was to assess the association between night shift work and the prevalence of diseases and conditions among nurses and midwives.
The study included 725 subjects (354 working on night shifts and 371 working only during the day). The data were collected via an interview based on the "Standard Shiftwork Index". We analyzed the frequency of diseases and conditions and the relative risk expressed as the odds ratio (adjusted for important confounding factors).
The most common diseases in the study population were chronic back pain (47.2%), hypertension (24.5%) and thyroid diseases (21.2%). We found no statistically significant increased relative risk of any diseases and conditions among the night shift nurses, compared to the day shift ones. The duration of the work performed on night shifts was significantly associated with the relative risk of thyroid diseases--increased almost two times in the women working for 15 or more years in such system (p for trend: 0.031). The analysis showed the significantly increased (more than eight times higher) relative risk of feet swelling in the women with 8 or more night duties per month, compared to the women having fewer night shifts.
We did not observe a higher frequency of diseases in the night shift nurses, compared to the day shift nurses. These results may be related to the so-called "Healthy Worker Effect". There is a need for further long-term observational studies in the populations of nurses.
本研究旨在评估护士和助产士的夜班工作与疾病及健康状况患病率之间的关联。
该研究纳入725名受试者（354名从事夜班工作，371名仅在白天工作）。数据通过基于“标准轮班指数”的访谈收集。我们分析了疾病及健康状况的发生率以及以优势比表示的相对风险（针对重要混杂因素进行了调整）。
研究人群中最常见的疾病为慢性背痛（47.2%）、高血压（24.5%）和甲状腺疾病（21.2%）。与日班护士相比，我们发现夜班护士中任何疾病及健康状况的相对风险均无统计学显著增加。夜班工作时长与甲状腺疾病的相对风险显著相关——在该系统中工作15年或更长时间的女性中，相对风险增加近两倍（趋势p值：0.031）。分析显示，每月值8个或更多夜班的女性足部肿胀的相对风险显著增加（高出八倍多），相比之下，夜班较少的女性则不然。
与日班护士相比，我们未观察到夜班护士的疾病发生率更高。这些结果可能与所谓的“健康工人效应”有关。有必要对护士群体进行进一步的长期观察性研究。
