Hill Benjamin David, Alosco Michael, Bauer Lyndsey, Tremont Geoffrey
Department of Psychology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA.
Appl Neuropsychol Adult. 2012;19(3):198-206. doi: 10.1080/09084282.2011.643960. Epub 2012 Jun 28.
Previous research has found that executive functioning plays a role in memory performance. This study sought to determine the amount of variance accounted for in the California Verbal Learning Test-Second Edition (CVLT-II) by a global executive-functioning factor score. Archival data were extracted from 285 outpatients in a mixed neurologic sample. Measures used included: CVLT-II, Wisconsin Card-Sorting Test (Perseverative Errors), Trail-Making Test-Part B, Controlled Oral Word Association Test, Animal Naming, and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition Similarities. Executive data were reduced to a single executive-functioning factor score for each individual. Regression was used to determine the amount of variance accounted for by executive functioning in CVLT-II performance. Executive functioning accounted for minimal variance (0%-10%) in the following CVLT-II indexes: Total Learning (Trials 1-5), Semantic Clustering, Repetitions, Intrusions, and False Positives. However, executive functioning accounted for substantial variance (24%-31%) in CVLT-II performance for both Short- and Long-Delay Recall indexes and most discriminability indexes. CVLT-II indexes that would intuitively be associated with executive functioning accounted for a smaller-than-expected amount of variance. Additionally, level of executive functioning was related to level of CVLT-II performance. These results suggest that clinicians should consider executive deficits when interpreting mild-to-moderate memory impairments in recall and discriminability functions but that executive abilities have little effect on other aspects of memory.
先前的研究发现，执行功能在记忆表现中发挥作用。本研究旨在确定一个整体执行功能因素得分在加利福尼亚言语学习测验第二版（CVLT-II）中所解释的方差量。从一个混合神经科样本的285名门诊患者中提取档案数据。所使用的测量方法包括：CVLT-II、威斯康星卡片分类测验（持续性错误）、连线测验B部分、受控口语单词联想测验、动物命名以及韦氏成人智力量表第三版相似性分测验。将每个个体的执行功能数据简化为一个单一的执行功能因素得分。采用回归分析来确定执行功能在CVLT-II表现中所解释的方差量。执行功能在以下CVLT-II指标中所解释的方差极小（0%-10%）：总学习量（第1-5次测验）、语义聚类、重复、侵入错误和错误肯定。然而，执行功能在CVLT-II的短期和长期延迟回忆指标以及大多数辨别力指标的表现中解释了大量方差（24%-31%）。直观上与执行功能相关的CVLT-II指标所解释的方差量低于预期。此外，执行功能水平与CVLT-II表现水平相关。这些结果表明，临床医生在解释回忆和辨别功能方面的轻度至中度记忆损害时应考虑执行功能缺陷，但执行能力对记忆的其他方面影响很小。
