Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Atherosclerosis. 2013 Apr;227(2):414-9. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.01.012. Epub 2013 Jan 21.
Consumption of plant sterols and plant stanols reduces low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations. At the same time, plasma plant sterol concentrations will increase after plant sterol consumption, but decrease after plant stanol consumption. In contrast to plant stanols, plant sterols can undergo oxidation and form oxyphytosterols. Findings from in vitro and animal studies suggest that oxyphytosterols might be atherogenic.
The objective was to examine whether plant sterol and stanol consumption changes fasting plasma oxyphytosterol concentrations.
A randomized, double blind, cross-over study was performed in which 43 healthy subjects (18-70 years) consumed for 4 weeks a plant sterol-enriched (3.0 g/d of plant sterols), a plant stanol-enriched (3.0 g/d of plant stanols), and a control margarine separated by wash-out periods of 4 weeks. Oxyphytosterol concentrations were determined in BHT-enriched plasma via GC-MS.
Compared to control, serum LDL-C concentrations were reduced after plant sterol (-8.1%; p < 0.001) and plant stanol consumption (-7.8%; p < 0.001). Plant sterol consumption did not change plasma oxyphytosterol concentrations. On the other hand, intake of the plant stanol margarine reduced 7β-OH-campesterol by 0.07 ng/mL (14%; p < 0.01) and by 0.07 ng/mL (15%; p < 0.01) compared with the control and sterol margarines, respectively. When standardized for serum cholesterol, effects on these oxyphytosterols were comparable. In addition, plant stanol intake reduced cholesterol-standardized 7-keto-campesterol levels compared with plant sterol intake (p < 0.05).
Daily consumption of a plant sterol-enriched margarine does not increase oxyphytosterol concentrations, while plant stanol consumption may reduce the concentrations of the oxidative plant sterol metabolites 7β-OH-campesterol and 7-keto-campesterol.
植物固醇和植物甾烷醇的摄入可降低低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）浓度。与此同时，植物固醇摄入后会使血浆植物固醇浓度升高，但植物甾烷醇摄入后会降低。与植物甾烷醇不同，植物固醇可发生氧化形成氧化植物固醇。体外和动物研究的结果表明，氧化植物固醇可能具有动脉粥样硬化形成作用。
本研究旨在探讨植物固醇和甾烷醇的摄入是否会改变空腹时的血浆氧化植物固醇浓度。
采用随机、双盲、交叉研究，43 名健康受试者（18-70 岁）分别连续 4 周摄入富含植物固醇（3.0 g/d 植物固醇）、富含植物甾烷醇（3.0 g/d 植物甾烷醇）或对照黄油，洗脱期为 4 周。采用 GC-MS 法测定 BHT 强化血浆中的氧化植物固醇浓度。
与对照相比，植物固醇（-8.1%；p<0.001）和植物甾烷醇（-7.8%；p<0.001）摄入后血清 LDL-C 浓度降低。植物固醇摄入并未改变血浆氧化植物固醇浓度。另一方面，与对照和固醇黄油相比，植物甾烷醇黄油摄入使 7β-OH-胆甾醇分别降低 0.07 ng/mL（14%；p<0.01）和 0.07 ng/mL（15%；p<0.01）。与胆固醇标准化相比，这些氧化植物固醇的作用相当。此外，与植物固醇摄入相比，植物甾烷醇摄入使胆固醇标准化的 7-酮-胆甾醇水平降低（p<0.05）。
每天摄入富含植物固醇的黄油不会增加氧化植物固醇浓度，而植物甾烷醇摄入可能会降低氧化植物固醇代谢产物 7β-OH-胆甾醇和 7-酮-胆甾醇的浓度。
