Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, Lisbon, Portugal.
Accid Anal Prev. 2013 Apr;53:39-45. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2012.12.041. Epub 2013 Jan 10.
The most common approach to study the influence of certain road features on accidents has been the consideration of uniform road segments characterized by a unique feature. However, when an accident is related to the road infrastructure, its cause is usually not a single characteristic but rather a complex combination of several characteristics. The main objective of this paper is to describe a methodology developed in order to consider the road as a complete environment by using compound road environments, overcoming the limitations inherented in considering only uniform road segments. The methodology consists of: dividing a sample of roads into segments; grouping them into quite homogeneous road environments using cluster analysis; and identifying the influence of skid resistance and texture depth on road accidents in each environment by using generalized linear models. The application of this methodology is demonstrated for eight roads. Based on real data from accidents and road characteristics, three compound road environments were established where the pavement surface properties significantly influence the occurrence of accidents. Results have showed clearly that road environments where braking maneuvers are more common or those with small radii of curvature and high speeds require higher skid resistance and texture depth as an important contribution to the accident prevention.
研究特定道路特征对事故影响的最常见方法是考虑具有独特特征的均匀道路段。然而，当事故与道路基础设施有关时，其原因通常不是单一特征，而是几个特征的复杂组合。本文的主要目的是描述一种方法，通过使用复合道路环境，将道路视为一个完整的环境，克服仅考虑均匀道路段所固有的局限性。该方法包括：将道路样本划分为路段；使用聚类分析将它们分组为相当同质的道路环境；并使用广义线性模型确定每个环境中抗滑性和纹理深度对道路事故的影响。该方法的应用通过八段道路进行了演示。基于事故和道路特征的实际数据，建立了三个复合道路环境，其中路面特性对事故的发生有显著影响。结果清楚地表明，在制动操作更为常见的道路环境中，或者曲率半径小、速度高的道路环境中，需要更高的抗滑性和纹理深度，这是预防事故的重要因素。
