Department of Psychology, National Chung-Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.
BMC Psychiatry. 2013 Feb 4;13:46. doi: 10.1186/1471-244X-13-46.
Type D (distressed) personality, defined by negative affectivity and social inhibition, is related to cardiovascular outcomes. Little is known about Type D in non-Western cultures. We examined the validity of this construct and its assessment in Taiwanese patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and adults from the general population.
CAD patients (N = 87) and adults from the general population (N = 421) completed the 14-item Type D Scale- Taiwanese version (DS14-T), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory-II, and Chinese Hostility Inventory Short-Form.
Based on the psychometric examination, item #3 of the original DS14, "I often talk to strangers" was replaced by "I don't like to have a lot of people around me" which comes from the "Withdrawal" facet of social inhibition of DS-24. The reliability of Type D assessment in Taiwan was good, with Cronbach's α for negative affectivity and social inhibition of .86 and .79. Factor analyses confirmed the two-factor model of the Type D construct. The prevalence rate of Type D personality in Taiwan was 20% in CAD patients and 16% in the general population. Negative affectivity was positively associated with anxiety, depression and hostility, and social inhibition was positively associated with suppressive hostility and negatively associated with expressive hostility after controlling for the total hostility. Furthermore, Taiwanese individuals with a Type D personality displayed elevated levels of anxiety, depression and hostility.
The Type D construct and its assessment with the DS14-T is generalizable to an Asian setting, Taiwan. The DS14-T showed good psychometric properties, and the prevalence of Type D personality in Taiwan was similar to the prevalence rates in Western countries and Mainland China, and Type D was associated with anxiety, depression and hostility.
具有消极情感和社交抑制特征的 D 型（苦恼型）人格与心血管结局有关。然而，在非西方文化中，人们对 D 型人格知之甚少。本研究旨在检验 D 型人格这一概念及其评估工具在台湾冠心病患者和一般人群中的适用性。
冠心病患者（N=87）和一般人群成人（N=421）完成了 14 项 D 型人格量表-台湾版（DS14-T）、状态-特质焦虑量表、贝克抑郁自评量表 II 及简易中文版敌意量表。
根据心理测量学的检验结果，原始 DS14 的第 3 项条目“我经常与陌生人交谈”被替换为“我不喜欢身边有很多人”，后者来源于 DS-24 的“退缩”社交抑制维度。在台湾，D 型人格评估的信度良好，消极情感和社交抑制的 Cronbach's α 值分别为.86 和.79。因子分析验证了 D 型人格结构的两因素模型。在冠心病患者中，D 型人格的患病率为 20%，在一般人群中为 16%。在控制总敌意后，消极情感与焦虑、抑郁和敌意呈正相关，社交抑制与抑制性敌意呈正相关，与表达性敌意呈负相关。此外，具有 D 型人格的台湾个体表现出更高水平的焦虑、抑郁和敌意。
DS14-T 可推广至亚洲地区台湾，适用于 D 型人格结构及其评估。DS14-T 具有良好的心理测量学特性，台湾 D 型人格的患病率与西方国家和中国大陆的患病率相似，且 D 型人格与焦虑、抑郁和敌意有关。
