Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Dalin, Chiayi 62247, Taiwan.
School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien City, Hualien 97004, Taiwan.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2020 Apr 2;56(4):160. doi: 10.3390/medicina56040160.
Type D personality, characterized by two stable traits (social inhibition and negative affectivity), is associated with adverse cardiovascular events. A possible mediating factor for this association could be hypertension. Previous research has shown that individuals with Type D personality were associated with an increased risk of hypertension. However, the association of negative affectivity and social inhibition on blood pressure in normotensive individuals has not yet been reported. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether negative affectivity and social inhibition were associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure in normotensive middle-aged and older Taiwanese adults.
A cross-sectional study design was used. Individuals attending general health examination at a regional hospital in southern Taiwan who were 40 to 75 years old were recruited. Patients with self-reported hypertension or currently receiving antihypertensive medication were excluded. Negative affectivity and social inhibition were assessed with the 14-item Type D Scale-Taiwanese version. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to determine the association of Z-score transformed negative affectivity and social inhibition on blood pressure.
A total of 92 patients with a mean age of 51.5 years were included in the study, and 15 (16.3%) were defined as having a Type D personality. The Z-score transformed negative affectivity score ( = 0.035, effect size = 0.18) and Z-score transformed social inhibition score ( = 0.054, effect size = 0.17) were significantly associated with a higher systolic blood pressure. In addition, the Z-score transformed negative affectivity score ( = 0.036, effect size = 0.28) and Z-score transformed social inhibition score ( = 0.154, effect size = 0.24) were significantly associated with a higher diastolic blood pressure.
Negative affectivity of the Type D personality was significantly associated with higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure, with a medium effect size, in apparently healthy middle-aged and older adults. Assessment of negative affectivity may be clinically useful in identifying individuals at risk of hypertension.
具有两种稳定特征（社交抑制和负性情感）的 D 型人格与不良心血管事件相关。这种关联的一个可能的中介因素可能是高血压。先前的研究表明，D 型人格的个体患高血压的风险增加。然而，D 型人格的负性情感和社交抑制与正常血压个体的血压之间的关系尚未报道。因此，本研究旨在探讨负性情感和社交抑制是否与台湾中年和老年正常血压个体的收缩压和舒张压相关。
采用横断面研究设计。招募在台湾南部一家地区医院进行常规健康检查的年龄在 40 至 75 岁之间的个体。排除自述患有高血压或正在服用降压药物的患者。采用 14 项 D 型人格量表-台湾中文版评估负性情感和社交抑制。进行多元线性回归分析，以确定 Z 分数转换的负性情感和社交抑制与血压的关系。
共纳入 92 例平均年龄为 51.5 岁的患者，其中 15 例（16.3%）被定义为 D 型人格。Z 分数转换的负性情感得分（ = 0.035，效应量 = 0.18）和 Z 分数转换的社交抑制得分（ = 0.054，效应量 = 0.17）与较高的收缩压显著相关。此外，Z 分数转换的负性情感得分（ = 0.036，效应量 = 0.28）和 Z 分数转换的社交抑制得分（ = 0.154，效应量 = 0.24）与较高的舒张压显著相关。
D 型人格的负性情感与中年和老年健康个体的收缩压和舒张压显著相关，具有中等效应量。对负性情感的评估可能在识别高血压高危个体方面具有临床意义。
