Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.
Environ Sci Technol. 2013 Feb 19;47(4):1870-8. doi: 10.1021/es3036913. Epub 2013 Feb 5.
Sunlight inactivation of poliovirus type 3 (PV3), adenovirus type 2 (HAdV2), and two bacteriophage (MS2 and PRD1) was investigated in an array of coastal waters to better understand solar inactivation mechanisms and the effect of natural water constituents on observed inactivation rates (k(obs)). Reactor scale inactivation experiments were conducted using a solar simulator, and k(obs) for each virus was measured in a sensitizer-free control and five unfiltered surface water samples collected from different sources. k(obs) values varied between viruses in the same water matrix, and for each virus in different matrices, with PV3 having the fastest and MS2 the slowest k(obs) in all waters. When exposed to full-spectrum sunlight, the presence of photosensitizers increased k(obs) of HAdV2, PRD1 and MS2, but not PV3, which provides evidence that the exogenous sunlight inactivation mechanism, involving damage by exogenously produced reactive intermediates, played a greater role for these viruses. While PV3 inactivation was observed to be dominated by endogenous mechanisms, this may be due to a masking of exogenous k(obs) by significantly faster endogenous k(obs). Results illustrate that differences in water composition can shift absolute and relative inactivation rates of viruses, which has important implications for natural wastewater treatment systems, solar disinfection (SODIS), and the use of indicator organisms for monitoring water quality.
研究了阳光对脊髓灰质炎病毒 3 型（PV3）、腺病毒 2 型（HAdV2）和两种噬菌体（MS2 和 PRD1）的灭活作用，以便更好地了解太阳灭活机制以及天然水中成分对观察到的灭活速率（k（obs））的影响。使用太阳模拟器进行了反应堆规模的灭活实验，并在无敏化剂对照和从不同来源采集的五个未过滤的地表水样本中测量了每种病毒的 k（obs）。在同一水基质中，不同病毒的 k（obs）值不同，在不同基质中，每种病毒的 k（obs）值也不同，PV3 在所有水中的 k（obs）最快，MS2 最慢。当暴露于全光谱阳光时，光敏剂的存在增加了 HAdV2、PRD1 和 MS2 的 k（obs），但不增加 PV3 的 k（obs），这表明涉及由外源性产生的反应性中间体引起的损伤的外源性阳光灭活机制对这些病毒起更大的作用。虽然观察到 PV3 的灭活主要由内源性机制控制，但这可能是由于外源性 k（obs）被更快的内源性 k（obs）掩盖。结果表明，水成分的差异会改变病毒的绝对和相对灭活速率，这对天然废水处理系统、太阳能消毒（SODIS）以及使用指示生物监测水质具有重要意义。
