Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1710, United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2011 Nov 1;45(21):9249-55. doi: 10.1021/es201875x. Epub 2011 Oct 12.
Action spectra for simulated sunlight were measured in clear water for two viruses: PRD1, a double-stranded DNA bacteriophage, and MS2, a single-stranded RNA bacteriophage. Viruses were diluted into phosphate buffered saline (20 mM PBS, pH 7.5) and exposed for 22 h to simulated sunlight either directly or through one of six glass filters with 50% cutoff wavelengths ranging from 280 to 350 nm. Virus survival was measured using the double agar layer plaque method. Both UVA (320-400 nm) and UVB (280-320 nm) light were found to contribute to PRD1 inactivation, while only UVB inactivated MS2. A computational model was developed for interpreting these action spectra with 3-nm resolution. Using these methods, we provide detailed estimates of the sensitivity of MS2 and PRD1 to photoinactivation from 285 to 345 nm. The resulting sensitivity coefficients can be combined with solar spectra to estimate inactivation rates in clear water under different sunlight conditions. This approach will be useful for modeling the inactivation of viruses and other microorganisms in sunlit natural and engineered systems.
在清澈的水中，我们对两种病毒：双链 DNA 噬菌体 PRD1 和单链 RNA 噬菌体 MS2 的模拟太阳光的作用光谱进行了测量。病毒被稀释到磷酸盐缓冲盐水（20mM PBS，pH7.5）中，并在直接暴露或通过六种截止波长为 280nm 至 350nm 的玻璃滤光片之一的情况下，暴露于模拟太阳光下 22 小时。使用双层琼脂层噬菌斑法测量病毒存活率。结果发现，UVA（320nm-400nm）和 UVB（280nm-320nm）光都能使 PRD1 失活，而只有 UVB 能使 MS2 失活。我们开发了一个计算模型，用于以 3nm 的分辨率解释这些作用光谱。使用这些方法，我们详细估计了 MS2 和 PRD1 在 285nm 至 345nm 范围内对光失活的敏感性。得到的敏感性系数可以与太阳光谱结合，以估计在不同阳光条件下清澈水中的失活速率。这种方法将有助于在阳光充足的自然和工程系统中对病毒和其他微生物的失活进行建模。
