Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, at St. Joseph's Healthcare, 50 Charlton Ave. E, T3308, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada.
Trends Neurosci. 2013 May;36(5):305-12. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2013.01.005. Epub 2013 Feb 4.
Within the first few days of life, humans are colonized by commensal intestinal microbiota. Here, we review recent findings showing that microbiota are important in normal healthy brain function. We also discuss the relation between stress and microbiota, and how alterations in microbiota influence stress-related behaviors. New studies show that bacteria, including commensal, probiotic, and pathogenic bacteria, in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can activate neural pathways and central nervous system (CNS) signaling systems. Ongoing and future animal and clinical studies aimed at understanding the microbiota-gut-brain axis may provide novel approaches for prevention and treatment of mental illness, including anxiety and depression.
在生命的最初几天内，人类就被共生肠道微生物定植了。在这里，我们回顾了最近的发现，这些发现表明微生物在正常的健康大脑功能中很重要。我们还讨论了压力与微生物组之间的关系，以及微生物组的变化如何影响与压力相关的行为。新的研究表明，胃肠道 (GI) 中的细菌，包括共生菌、益生菌和病原菌，能够激活神经通路和中枢神经系统 (CNS) 信号系统。旨在了解微生物群-肠道-大脑轴的正在进行和未来的动物和临床研究可能为预防和治疗包括焦虑和抑郁在内的精神疾病提供新的方法。
