A methodical microarray design enables surveying of expression of a broader range of genes in Ciona intestinalis.

We provide a new oligo-microarray for Ciona intestinalis, based on the NimbleGen 12-plex×135k format. The array represents 106,285 probes, which is more than double the probe number of the currently available 44k microarray. These probes cover 99.2% of the transcripts in the KyotoHoya (KH) models, published in 2008, and they contain 81.1% of the entries in the UniGene database that are not included in the KH models. In this paper, we show that gene expression levels measured by this new 135k microarray are highly correlated with those obtained by the existing 44k microarray for genes common to both arrays. We also investigated gene expression using samples obtained from the ovary and the neural complex of adult C. intestinalis, showing that the expression of tissue-specific genes is consistent with previous reports. Approximately half of the highly expressed genes identified in the 135k microarray are not included in the previous microarray. The high coverage of gene models by this microarray made it possible to identify splicing variants for a given transcript. The 135k microarray is useful in investigating the functions of genes that are not yet well characterized. Detailed information about this 135k microarray is accessible at no charge from supplemental materials, NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and http://marinegenomics.oist.jp.