Department of Clinical Neurobiology of the Medical Faculty of Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2013 Apr;23(2):179-86. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2013.01.021. Epub 2013 Feb 5.
GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult brain. Studies on GABAergic cells have focused almost exclusively on local interneurons neglecting those inhibitory neurons projecting to different brain areas, the 'long-range GABAergic cells'. This review focuses on some common features and peculiarities of 'corticofugal' and 'corticopetal' GABAergic cells. Similarly to their local counterpart, long-range GABAergic cells show immunohistochemical diversity and contact locally both excitatory and inhibitory cells. Distally, long-range GABAergic cells often target other inhibitory neurons. This feature endows them with the ability to control remote target areas via disinhibition. On the basis of few functional studies that investigated their participation in synchronous network activity, we propose that long-range GABAergic neurons play a critical role in the temporal coordination of neuronal activity in distant brain areas.
γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）是成人脑中的主要抑制性神经递质。关于 GABA 能细胞的研究几乎完全集中在局部中间神经元上，而忽略了那些投射到不同脑区的抑制性神经元，即“长程 GABA 能细胞”。本篇综述主要关注一些“皮质传出”和“皮质向心”GABA 能细胞的共同特征和特点。与局部中间神经元类似，长程 GABA 能细胞显示出免疫组织化学多样性，并在局部与兴奋性和抑制性细胞接触。在远端，长程 GABA 能细胞通常靶向其他抑制性神经元。这一特征使它们能够通过去抑制来控制远程靶区。基于少数研究其参与同步网络活动的功能研究，我们提出长程 GABA 能神经元在远距离脑区神经元活动的时间协调中发挥关键作用。
