Hernández-Frausto Melissa, Vivar Carmen
NYU Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.
Laboratory of Neurogenesis and Neuroplasticity, Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2024 Sep 20;18:1448791. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1448791. eCollection 2024.
The entorhinal cortex (EC) and hippocampal (HC) connectivity is the main source of episodic memory formation and consolidation. The entorhinal-hippocampal (EC-HC) connection is classified as canonically glutamatergic and, more recently, has been characterized as a non-canonical GABAergic connection. Recent evidence shows that both EC and HC receive inputs from dopaminergic, cholinergic, and noradrenergic projections that modulate the mnemonic processes linked to the encoding and consolidation of memories. In the present review, we address the latest findings on the EC-HC connectivity and the role of neuromodulations during the mnemonic mechanisms of encoding and consolidation of memories and highlight the value of the cross-species approach to unravel the underlying cellular mechanisms known. Furthermore, we discuss how EC-HC connectivity early neurodegeneration may contribute to the dysfunction of episodic memories observed in aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Finally, we described how exercise may be a fundamental tool to prevent or decrease neurodegeneration.
内嗅皮层（EC）与海马体（HC）之间的连接是情景记忆形成和巩固的主要来源。内嗅-海马（EC-HC）连接传统上被归类为谷氨酸能连接，最近又被描述为非典型的γ-氨基丁酸能连接。最近的证据表明，EC和HC都接收来自多巴胺能、胆碱能和去甲肾上腺素能投射的输入，这些投射调节与记忆编码和巩固相关的记忆过程。在本综述中，我们阐述了关于EC-HC连接以及神经调节在记忆编码和巩固的记忆机制中的作用的最新发现，并强调了跨物种方法在揭示已知潜在细胞机制方面的价值。此外，我们讨论了EC-HC连接早期神经退行性变如何导致在衰老和阿尔茨海默病（AD）中观察到的情景记忆功能障碍。最后，我们描述了运动如何可能是预防或减少神经退行性变的重要工具。
