Fiorini F, Barozzi L
Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, ASL1 Imperiese, Sanremo, Italy.
J Ultrasound. 2007 Dec;10(4):161-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jus.2007.09.001. Epub 2007 Nov 5.
Diagnostic techniques in nephrology include clinical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, scintigraphy, diagnostic imaging techniques as well as renal biopsy. In kidney diseases, ultrasonography is used as a first-line imaging technique, and its role in medical nephropathy is to exclude urological pathologies, to differentiate between acute and chronic renal failure, to follow-up on the course of a disease, to guide needle biopsy, etc. Ultrasound images are useful at characterizing the pelvis, assessing renal dimensions and parenchymal echogenicity, sampling color-power Doppler signals and evaluating their characteristics and distribution as well as measuring parenchymal resistive index. Taken together, these data can provide useful clues to the diagnosis and help to reduce the number of possible differential diagnoses.
肾脏病学的诊断技术包括临床病史、体格检查、实验室检查、闪烁扫描、诊断成像技术以及肾活检。在肾脏疾病中，超声检查被用作一线成像技术，其在医学肾脏病中的作用是排除泌尿系统疾病、区分急性和慢性肾衰竭、跟踪疾病进程、引导穿刺活检等。超声图像有助于描绘肾盂、评估肾脏大小和实质回声、采集彩色多普勒信号并评估其特征和分布，以及测量实质阻力指数。综合这些数据可以为诊断提供有用线索，并有助于减少可能的鉴别诊断数量。
