Quaia Emilio, Correas Jean Michel, Mehta Maithili, Murchison John T, Gennari Antonio Giulio, van Beek Edwin J R
Department of Radiology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh.
Ultrasound Q. 2018 Dec;34(4):250-267. doi: 10.1097/RUQ.0000000000000383.
Ultrasound (US), which may be combination of gray scale and spectral Doppler US, color and power Doppler US, with or without microbubble contrast agents, is usually the first imaging modality to be used in renal parenchymal diseases. The most typical appearance of diffuse renal parenchymal diseases on gray scale US is an increased renal cortical echogenicity and increased or reduced corticomedullary differentiation. Spectral Doppler analysis of intrarenal flows may reveal an increase in intrarenal resistive index value greater than 0.70 in native kidneys, and greater than 0.8 in renal transplants. Gray scale US and spectral Doppler US do not exhibit high specificity and sensitivity because different renal parenchymal diseases often display the same US appearance, whereas the same renal parenchymal disease may present different appearances on US according to disease stage. Consequently, correlation of the US pattern with patient's history and clinical background is essential for a correct characterization.
超声（US），可采用灰阶和频谱多普勒超声、彩色和能量多普勒超声的组合，可使用或不使用微泡造影剂，通常是用于肾实质疾病的首选成像方式。灰阶超声上弥漫性肾实质疾病最典型的表现是肾皮质回声增强以及皮髓质分界增强或减弱。肾内血流的频谱多普勒分析可能显示，在天然肾中肾内阻力指数值大于0.70，在肾移植中大于则0.8。灰阶超声和频谱多普勒超声不具有高特异性和敏感性，因为不同的肾实质疾病常表现出相同的超声表现，而同一肾实质疾病根据疾病阶段在超声上可能呈现不同表现。因此，将超声表现与患者病史和临床背景相关联对于正确诊断至关重要。
