Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
Prog Retin Eye Res. 2013 Jul;35:18-43. doi: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2013.01.004. Epub 2013 Feb 5.
Despite improving understanding of glaucoma, key molecular players of neurodegeneration that can be targeted for treatment of glaucoma, or molecular biomarkers that can be useful for clinical testing, remain unclear. Proteomics technology offers a powerful toolbox to accomplish these important goals of the glaucoma research and is increasingly being applied to identify molecular mechanisms and biomarkers of glaucoma. Recent studies of glaucoma using proteomics analysis techniques have resulted in the lists of differentially expressed proteins in human glaucoma and animal models. The global analysis of protein expression in glaucoma has been followed by cell-specific proteome analysis of retinal ganglion cells and astrocytes. The proteomics data have also guided targeted studies to identify post-translational modifications and protein-protein interactions during glaucomatous neurodegeneration. In addition, recent applications of proteomics have provided a number of potential biomarker candidates. Proteomics technology holds great promise to move glaucoma research forward toward new treatment strategies and biomarker discovery. By reviewing the major proteomics approaches and their applications in the field of glaucoma, this article highlights the power of proteomics in translational and clinical research related to glaucoma and also provides a framework for future research to functionally test the importance of specific molecular pathways and validate candidate biomarkers.
尽管人们对青光眼有了更深入的了解，但仍不清楚哪些是可以作为治疗青光眼靶点的神经变性关键分子，也不清楚哪些是可用于临床检测的分子生物标志物。蛋白质组学技术为实现青光眼研究的这些重要目标提供了一个强大的工具包，并且越来越多地被应用于识别青光眼的分子机制和生物标志物。使用蛋白质组学分析技术对青光眼进行的最近研究已经确定了人青光眼和动物模型中差异表达蛋白的列表。对青光眼的蛋白质组学进行了全局分析，随后对视网膜神经节细胞和星形胶质细胞进行了特定细胞的蛋白质组分析。蛋白质组学数据还指导了靶向研究，以确定在青光眼性神经退行性变过程中的翻译后修饰和蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用。此外，蛋白质组学的最近应用提供了许多潜在的生物标志物候选物。蛋白质组学技术有望推动青光眼研究向新的治疗策略和生物标志物发现方向发展。通过回顾主要的蛋白质组学方法及其在青光眼领域的应用，本文突出了蛋白质组学在与青光眼相关的转化和临床研究中的强大功能，还为未来的研究提供了一个框架，以功能测试特定分子途径的重要性并验证候选生物标志物。
