Ecole de psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
Hum Factors. 2012 Dec;54(6):996-1007. doi: 10.1177/0018720812443066.
We employed a computer-controlled command-and-control (C2) simulation and recorded eye movements to examine the extent and nature of the inability to detect critical changes in dynamic displays when change detection is implicit (i.e., requires no explicit report) to the operator's task.
Change blindness-the failure to notice significant changes to a visual scene-may have dire consequences on performance in C2 and surveillance operations.
Participants performed a radar-based risk-assessment task involving multiple subtasks. Although participants were not required to explicitly report critical changes to the operational display, change detection was critical in informing decision making. Participants' eye movements were used as an index of visual attention across the display.
Nonfixated (i.e., unattended) changes were more likely to be missed than were fixated (i.e., attended) changes, supporting the idea that focused attention is necessary for conscious change detection. The finding of significant pupil dilation for changes undetected but fixated suggests that attended changes can nonetheless be missed because of a failure of attentional processes.
Change blindness in complex dynamic displays takes the form of failures in establishing task-appropriate patterns of attentional allocation.
These findings have implications in the design of change-detection support tools for dynamic displays and work procedure in C2 and surveillance.
我们采用计算机控制的指挥与控制（C2）模拟并记录眼球运动，以研究在操作员任务中变化检测是隐含的（即不需要明确报告）时，无法检测动态显示中关键变化的程度和性质。
变化盲视——未能注意到视觉场景的重大变化——可能对 C2 和监视操作的性能产生严重后果。
参与者执行基于雷达的风险评估任务，涉及多个子任务。尽管参与者不需要明确报告操作显示中的关键变化，但变化检测对于决策制定至关重要。参与者的眼球运动被用作显示中视觉注意力的指标。
非注视（即未关注）的变化比注视（即关注）的变化更容易被忽略，这支持了集中注意力是意识变化检测所必需的观点。对于未检测到但已注视的变化瞳孔明显扩大的发现表明，由于注意力过程的失败，即使是关注的变化也可能被忽略。
在复杂的动态显示中，变化盲视表现为未能建立适当的注意分配模式。
这些发现对设计用于动态显示的变化检测支持工具以及 C2 和监视中的工作程序具有重要意义。
