Institute of Psychology, National Centre for Psychotraumatology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark.
Br J Clin Psychol. 2013 Mar;52(1):82-91. doi: 10.1111/bjc.12002. Epub 2012 Oct 17.
Acute stress disorder (ASD) was introduced into the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) to identify posttraumatic stress reactions occurring within the first month after a trauma and thus help to identify victims at risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Since its introduction, research into ASD has focused on the prediction of PTSD, whereas only a few studies have investigated the latent structure of ASD. Results of the latter have been mixed. In light of the current proposal for the ASD diagnosis in the pending DSM-5, there is a profound need for empirical studies that investigate the latent structure of ASD prior to the DSM-5 being finalized.
Based on previous factor analytic research, the DSM-IV, and the proposed DSM-5 formulation of ASD, four different models of the latent structure of ASD were specified and estimated.
The analyses were based on a national study of bank robbery victims (N = 450) using the acute stress disorder scale.
The results of the confirmatory factor analyses showed that the DSM-IV model provided the best fit to the data. Thus, the present study suggests that the latent structure of ASD may best be characterized according to the four-factor DSM-IV model of ASD (i.e., dissociation, re-experiencing, avoidance, and arousal) following exposure to bank robbery.
The results are pertinent in light of the pending DSM-5 and add to the debate about the conceptualization of ASD. .
创伤后应激障碍（ASD）被纳入第四版《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》（DSM-IV；美国精神病学协会，1994），以确定创伤后一个月内发生的创伤后应激反应，从而帮助确定有发展为创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）风险的受害者。自引入以来，对 ASD 的研究重点一直是 PTSD 的预测，而只有少数研究调查了 ASD 的潜在结构。后者的结果喜忧参半。鉴于 DSM-5 中对 ASD 诊断的当前提议，在 DSM-5 最终确定之前，迫切需要进行调查 ASD 潜在结构的实证研究。
基于先前的因素分析研究、DSM-IV 和拟议的 DSM-5 ASD 表述，指定并估计了 ASD 潜在结构的四个不同模型。
该分析基于一项针对银行抢劫受害者的全国性研究（N=450），使用急性应激障碍量表。
验证性因素分析的结果表明，DSM-IV 模型最适合数据。因此，本研究表明，在经历银行抢劫后，ASD 的潜在结构可能最好根据 ASD 的四因素 DSM-IV 模型（即分离、再体验、回避和唤醒）来描述。
鉴于 DSM-5 的悬而未决，这些结果与当前的辩论有关，增加了对 ASD 概念化的辩论。
