Kentucky Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Kentucky, College of Public Health, 333 Waller Ave., Suite 242, Lexington, KY 40504, USA.
J Safety Res. 2013 Feb;44:51-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2012.09.003. Epub 2012 Nov 20.
Injuries and fatalities due to large truck and other vehicle crashes have decreased over the last decade, but motor vehicle injuries remain a leading cause of death for both the working and general populations. The present study was undertaken to determine semi truck driver and sleeper berth passenger injury risk in a moving semi truck collision using a matched-pair cohort study.
Study data were obtained from the Kentucky Collision Report Analysis for Safer Highways (CRASH) electronic files for 2000-2010. A matched-pair cohort study was used to compare the odds of injury of both drivers and sleeper berth passengers within the same semi truck controlling for variables specific to the crash or the semi truck. The crude odds ratio of injury was estimated and a statistical model for a correlated outcome using generalized estimating equations was utilized.
In a moving semi truck collision, the odds for an injury were increased by 2.25 times for both semi truck drivers and sleeper berth passengers who did not use occupant safety restraints compared to semi truck drivers and sleeper berth passengers who used occupant safety restraints at the time of the collision. The driver seat or sleeper berth position in the vehicle was not a significant factor (p-value=0.31) associated with a moving semi truck collision injury.
Nonuse of occupant safety restraints by either drivers or sleeper berth passengers significantly increased the odds of an injury in a moving semi truck collision; semi truck seating position (driver's seat or sleeper berth) did not increase the odds for an injury in moving collisions.
Trucking companies should include the mandatory use of occupant safety restraints by both semi truck drivers and sleeper berth passengers in their company safety policies.
在过去的十年中，由于大型卡车和其他车辆碰撞造成的伤害和死亡人数有所减少，但机动车伤害仍然是工作人群和普通人群死亡的主要原因。本研究旨在使用配对队列研究确定行驶中的半挂车碰撞中半挂车司机和卧铺乘客受伤的风险。
本研究数据来自 2000 年至 2010 年肯塔基州碰撞报告分析以实现更安全的高速公路（CRASH）电子文件。使用配对队列研究比较同一辆半挂车内司机和卧铺乘客的受伤几率，同时控制与碰撞或半挂车特定的变量。估计了受伤的粗比值，并使用广义估计方程对相关结果进行了统计模型。
在行驶中的半挂车碰撞中，与在碰撞时使用乘员安全约束的半挂车司机和卧铺乘客相比，未使用乘员安全约束的半挂车司机和卧铺乘客受伤的几率增加了 2.25 倍。车辆中的驾驶员座椅或卧铺位置不是与行驶中的半挂车碰撞受伤相关的重要因素（p 值=0.31）。
无论是司机还是卧铺乘客，如果不使用乘员安全约束，在行驶中的半挂车碰撞中受伤的几率都会显著增加；半挂车座椅位置（驾驶员座椅或卧铺）并不会增加在行驶碰撞中受伤的几率。
卡车运输公司应将司机和卧铺乘客使用乘员安全约束的强制性要求纳入公司安全政策中。
