Breen Jan Mario, Næss Pål Aksel, Gaarder Christine, Stray-Pedersen Arne
Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway.
Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Forensic Sci Med Pathol. 2021 Jun;17(2):235-246. doi: 10.1007/s12024-021-00359-z. Epub 2021 Feb 20.
We performed a retrospective study of the injuries and characteristics of occupant fatalities in motor vehicle collisions in southeast Norway. The goal was to provide updated knowledge of injuries sustained in modern vehicles and detect possible differences in injury pattern between drivers and passengers. Forensic autopsy reports, police, and collision investigation reports from 2000 to 2014 were studied, data extracted and analyzed.A total of 284 drivers, 80 front-seat passengers, and 37 rear-seat passengers were included, of which 67.3% died in front collisions, 13.7% in near-side impacts, 13.5% in rollovers and 5.5% in other/combined collisions. Overall, 80.5% died within one hour after the crash. The presence of fatal injuries to the head, neck, thorax and abdomen were observed in 63.6%, 10.7%, 61.6% and 27.4% respectively. All occupants with severe injuries to the head or neck had signs of direct impact with contact point injuries to the skin or skull. Injuries to the heart and spleen were less common in front-seat passengers compared to drivers. Seat belt abrasions were more common and lower extremity fractures less common in both front-seat and rear-seat passengers compared to drivers. Blood alcohol and/or drug concentrations suggestive of impairment were present in 30% of all occupants, with alcohol more often detected among front-seat passengers compared to drivers.Few driver-specific and passenger-specific patterns of injury could be identified. When attempting to assess an occupant's seating position within a vehicle, autopsy findings should be interpreted with caution and only in conjunction with documentation from the crash scene.
我们对挪威东南部机动车碰撞事故中驾乘人员的伤亡情况及特征进行了一项回顾性研究。目的是提供有关现代车辆中人员受伤情况的最新知识，并检测驾驶员和乘客之间受伤模式的可能差异。我们研究了2000年至2014年的法医尸检报告、警方报告和碰撞调查报告，提取并分析了数据。总共纳入了284名驾驶员、80名前排乘客和37名后排乘客，其中67.3%死于正面碰撞，13.7%死于近侧碰撞，13.5%死于翻车事故，5.5%死于其他/复合碰撞。总体而言，80.5%的人在事故发生后一小时内死亡。分别有63.6%、10.7%、61.6%和27.4%的人头部、颈部、胸部和腹部受致命伤。所有头部或颈部受重伤的驾乘人员都有直接撞击的迹象，皮肤或颅骨有接触点损伤。与驾驶员相比，前排乘客心脏和脾脏受伤的情况较少。与驾驶员相比，前排和后排乘客安全带擦伤更常见，下肢骨折更少见。30%的驾乘人员血液酒精和/或药物浓度显示有损害，与驾驶员相比，前排乘客中检测出酒精的情况更常见。几乎无法识别出特定于驾驶员和乘客的受伤模式。在试图评估驾乘人员在车内的座位位置时，尸检结果应谨慎解读，且仅结合事故现场的文件进行解读。
