Department of Environmental Biology and Fisheries Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan.
Aquat Toxicol. 2013 Apr 15;130-131:132-8. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.12.015. Epub 2013 Jan 18.
Ammonia and nitrite are the most common toxic nitrogenous compounds in aquaculture ponds. We evaluated the effects of a combined treatment with these two compounds on the hemolymph acid-base balance, electrolytes and oxyhemocyanin content in kuruma shrimp, (Marsupenaeus japonicus). The shrimp (6.37±1.29 g) were individually exposed to 9 different ammonia and nitrite regimes {ammonia at 0 (control), 0.39, and 1.49 mM combined with nitrite at 0 (control), 0.38, and 1.49 mM} in a 30‰ saline solution at 22°C. Hemolymph oxyhemocyanin (OxyHc), protein content, acid-base balance, osmolality, and electrolyte levels were measured in treated shrimp after 48 h of treatment. Hemolymph OxyHc, protein content, the OxyHc/protein ratio, pH, pCO2, HCO3(-), TCO2, OH(-)/H(+), osmolality, and Cl(-), Na(+), K(+), Ca(2+), and Mg(2+) levels were inversely related to the dose of ammonia and nitrite. However, hemolymph pO2 levels directly increased with the ammonia and nitrite concentrations. Following exposure to 1.49 mM ammonia+1.49 mM nitrite, the hemolymph pO2 increased by 89.5%, whereas the hemolymph OxyHc, protein content, OxyHc/protein ratio, pH, pCO2, HCO3(-), TCO2, OH(-)/H(+), osmolality, Cl(-), and Na(+) decreased by 51.2, 28.2, 34.9, 2.9, 51.1, 71.5, 70.8, 42.8, 4.9, 32.1, and 38.6%, respectively, compared with control shrimp. Combined ammonia and nitrite stress may therefore exert a synergistic effect on shrimp relative to the stress induced by ammonia or nitrite alone.
氨和亚硝酸盐是水产养殖池塘中最常见的有毒含氮化合物。我们评估了这两种化合物联合处理对虾血淋巴酸碱平衡、电解质和血蓝蛋白含量的影响。将虾（6.37±1.29 g）分别暴露于 9 种不同的氨和亚硝酸盐浓度中{氨分别为 0（对照）、0.39 和 1.49 mM，亚硝酸盐分别为 0（对照）、0.38 和 1.49 mM}，在 22°C 的 30‰盐水中。处理后 48 h 测量处理虾的血淋巴血蓝蛋白（OxyHc）、蛋白质含量、酸碱平衡、渗透压和电解质水平。虾血淋巴 OxyHc、蛋白质含量、OxyHc/蛋白质比、pH 值、pCO2、HCO3(-)、TCO2、OH(-)/H(+)、渗透压和 Cl(-)、Na(+)、K(+)、Ca(2+)和 Mg(2+)水平与氨和亚硝酸盐的剂量呈反比。然而，血淋巴 pO2 水平随氨和亚硝酸盐浓度的增加而直接增加。暴露于 1.49 mM 氨+1.49 mM 亚硝酸盐后，血淋巴 pO2 增加了 89.5%，而血淋巴 OxyHc、蛋白质含量、OxyHc/蛋白质比、pH 值、pCO2、HCO3(-)、TCO2、OH(-)/H(+)、渗透压、Cl(-)和 Na(+)分别下降了 51.2%、28.2%、34.9%、2.9%、51.1%、71.5%、70.8%、42.8%、4.9%、32.1%和 38.6%，与对照虾相比。因此，与单独的氨或亚硝酸盐胁迫相比，氨和亚硝酸盐的联合胁迫可能对虾产生协同作用。
