Mihic-Probst D, Beer M
Institut für klinische Pathologie, Universitätsspital Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091 Zürich.
Praxis (Bern 1994). 2013 Feb 13;102(4):219-24. doi: 10.1024/1661-8157/a001190.
Malignant melanoma is the most common cause of death from skin cancer. Wide surgical excision of localized melanoma in its primary stages remains the main curative therapy. Identifying patients at an early tumour stage is therefore one of the most significant steps for treatment. In the last decades, molecular pathology rapidly established itself in melanoma research. We present new molecular methods, their significance and their application, especially focusing on BRAF( V600) mutation and BRAF-inhibiting tumor targeting therapy. Resistance to tumor targeting therapies and cell line experiments, which have evidenced a sub population with stem cell properties, illustrate melanoma heterogeneity. Efforts to develop drugs that target more than a single target gene are currently underway.
恶性黑色素瘤是皮肤癌致死的最常见原因。对处于早期阶段的局限性黑色素瘤进行广泛手术切除仍是主要的治疗方法。因此，在肿瘤早期阶段识别患者是治疗的最重要步骤之一。在过去几十年中，分子病理学在黑色素瘤研究中迅速确立了自身地位。我们介绍新的分子方法、它们的意义及其应用，尤其关注BRAF（V600）突变和BRAF抑制性肿瘤靶向治疗。肿瘤靶向治疗的耐药性以及细胞系实验证明了具有干细胞特性的亚群，这些都说明了黑色素瘤的异质性。目前正在努力开发针对多个靶基因的药物。
