Institute of Gallbladder Disease of Panyu, Nansha, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Microsc Res Tech. 2013 May;76(5):443-52. doi: 10.1002/jemt.22185. Epub 2013 Feb 11.
The objective of this study was to describe the microstructure of different types of gallbladder stones to better understand the basis of gallbladder stone formation.
Gallbladder stones from 387 patients with cholecystolithiasis were first analyzed by Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy to identify the type of the gallbladder stone, and they were then examined using scanning electron microscopy to define their microstructure.
Cholesterol stones were mainly composed of plate-like or lamellar cholesterol crystals stacked tightly in a radial, cord-like, or irregular staggered arrangement. A small number of bilirubinate particles were seen occasionally. Pigment stones were mainly composed of loosely arranged bilirubinate particles with different shapes (sphere-like, clumping-like, or amorphous). Calcium carbonate stones were composed of calcium carbonate crystals having many shapes (bulbiform, ellipsoid, fagot-shaped, fusiform, hawthorn-shaped, cuboid, button-shaped, lamellar, broken firewood-shaped, rod-shaped, acicular, or crushed sugar cane-shaped). Bulbiform shaped crystals were the most common. Phosphate stones were mainly composed of different sized echin-sphere-like or rough bulbiform crystals. Bilirubinate particles were always adherent. Calcium stearate stones usually had a network structure with adherent bilirubinate particles. Protein stones usually had a honeycomb or chrysanthemum petal-like structure. Cystine stones were composed of hexagonal cystine crystals, some of which had prominent edges. Mixed stones presented different shapes according to their mixed components.
Different types of gallbladder stones had characteristic shapes and elements. This study provides an objective basis for further research regarding gallbladder stone formation.
本研究旨在描述不同类型胆囊结石的微观结构，以便更好地了解胆囊结石形成的基础。
对 387 例胆囊结石患者的胆囊结石首先进行傅里叶变换红外光谱分析，以确定胆囊结石的类型，然后用扫描电子显微镜观察其微观结构。
胆固醇结石主要由紧密堆积的板状或层状胆固醇晶体以放射状、索状或不规则交错排列方式组成。偶尔可见少量胆红素颗粒。胆色素结石主要由形状不同的松散排列的胆红素颗粒组成（球状、团块状或无定形）。碳酸钙结石由具有多种形状（灯泡形、椭圆形、束状、梭形、山楂形、长方体形、纽扣形、层状、碎木炭形、棒形、针状或碎甘蔗形）的碳酸钙晶体组成。灯泡形晶体最常见。磷酸钙结石主要由不同大小的棘球蚴状或粗糙灯泡形晶体组成。胆红素颗粒总是附着的。硬脂酸钙结石通常具有附着胆红素颗粒的网络结构。蛋白石通常具有蜂窝状或菊花瓣状结构。胱氨酸结石由六方胱氨酸晶体组成，其中一些晶体边缘突出。混合结石根据其混合成分呈现不同的形状。
不同类型的胆囊结石具有特征性的形状和成分。本研究为进一步研究胆囊结石形成提供了客观依据。
