Gonzalez-Reicheabc Ana S, Perez Daniel R
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland College Park, and Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, 8075 Greenmead Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
Avian Dis. 2012 Dec;56(4 Suppl):1025-33. doi: 10.1637/10203-041412-Reg.1.
Avian influenza virus (AIV) surveillance has been scarce in most countries of Latin America and the Caribbean. Historically, avian influenza surveillance efforts in Central and South America have been localized in places where outbreaks in poultry have occurred. Since the emergence of the H5N1 subtype in Asia, active surveillance in wild birds has increased in a number of Latin American countries, including Barbados, Guatemala, Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, and Peru. A broad diversity of virus subtypes has been detected; however, nucleotide sequence data are still limited in comparison to other regions of the world. Here we review the current knowledge of AIV in Latin America, including phylogenetic relationships among publicly available viral genomes. Overall AIV reports are sparse across the region and the cocirculation of two distinct genetic lineages is puzzling. Phylogenetic analysis reflects bias in time and location where sampling has been conducted. Increased surveillance is needed to address the major determinants for AIV ecology, evolution, and transmission in the region.
在拉丁美洲和加勒比地区的大多数国家，禽流感病毒（AIV）监测工作一直很少。从历史上看，中美洲和南美洲的禽流感监测工作一直局限于家禽发生疫情的地方。自亚洲出现H5N1亚型以来，包括巴巴多斯、危地马拉、阿根廷、巴西、墨西哥和秘鲁在内的一些拉丁美洲国家加强了对野生鸟类的主动监测。已检测到多种病毒亚型；然而，与世界其他地区相比，核苷酸序列数据仍然有限。在此，我们回顾了拉丁美洲禽流感病毒的现有知识，包括公开可用病毒基因组之间的系统发育关系。总体而言，该地区的禽流感病毒报告稀少，两种不同遗传谱系的共同传播令人费解。系统发育分析反映了采样在时间和地点上的偏差。需要加强监测，以确定该地区禽流感病毒生态、进化和传播的主要决定因素。
