Afanador-Villamizar Alejandra, Gomez-Romero Carlos, Diaz Andres, Ruiz-Saenz Julian
Semillero de Investigación en enfermedades Infecciosas - InfeKto, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Bucaramanga, Colombia.
PIC - Pig Improvement Company LATAM, Querétaro, Mexico.
PLoS One. 2017 Jun 20;12(6):e0179573. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179573. eCollection 2017.
Avian influenza or bird flu is a highly contagious acute viral disease that can occur in epidemics and cross-border forms in poultry and wild birds. The characteristics of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) allow the emergence of new viral variants, some with zoonotic and pandemic potential. AIVs have been identified in Latin America; however, there is a lack of understanding of these viruses at the regional level. We performed a systematic literature review on serological or molecular evidence of AIVs circulation in Latin America. Methods were designed based on the PRISMA and STROME guidelines. Only peer-reviewed studies published between 2000 to 2015 and data was analysed based on country, viral subtype, avian species, and phylogenetic origins. From 271 studies initially found only twenty-six met our inclusion criteria. Evidence of AIVs infection was found in most Latin American countries, with Mexico as the country with the largest number of conducted studies and reported cases during the period analysed, followed by Chile and Argentina. Most of the AIVs were early reported through surveillance systems and at least 14 different subtypes of influenza viruses were reported in birds, and the presence of both low (92.9%) and high (7.1%) pathogenic AIVs was shown in Latin America. Of the reported AIVs in Latin America, 43.7% belong to migratory birds, 28.1% to local wild birds, and 28.1% to poultry. The migratory bird population mainly comprises families belonging to the orders Anseriformes and Charadriformes. We highlight the importance of epidemiological surveillance systems and the possible role of different migratory birds in the transmission of AIVs within the Americas. Our findings demonstrate the limited information on AIVs in Latin America and highlight the need of more studies on AIVs at the regional level, particularly those focused on identifying the endemic subtypes in regional wild birds.
禽流感是一种具有高度传染性的急性病毒性疾病，可在家禽和野生鸟类中以流行和跨境形式出现。禽流感病毒（AIV）的特性使得新的病毒变体得以出现，其中一些具有人畜共患病和大流行的潜力。AIV已在拉丁美洲被发现；然而，该地区对这些病毒缺乏了解。我们对拉丁美洲AIV传播的血清学或分子证据进行了系统的文献综述。方法是根据PRISMA和STROME指南设计的。仅纳入2000年至2015年间发表的同行评审研究，并根据国家、病毒亚型、鸟类物种和系统发育起源对数据进行分析。从最初找到的271项研究中，只有26项符合我们的纳入标准。在大多数拉丁美洲国家都发现了AIV感染的证据，在分析期间，墨西哥是开展研究和报告病例数量最多的国家，其次是智利和阿根廷。大多数AIV是通过监测系统早期报告的，在鸟类中报告了至少14种不同亚型的流感病毒，并且在拉丁美洲发现了低致病性（92.9%）和高致病性（7.1%）AIV的存在。在拉丁美洲报告的AIV中，43.7%属于候鸟，28.1%属于当地野生鸟类，28.1%属于家禽。候鸟种群主要包括雁形目和鸻形目的科。我们强调了流行病学监测系统的重要性以及不同候鸟在美洲AIV传播中可能发挥的作用。我们的研究结果表明拉丁美洲关于AIV的信息有限，并强调需要在区域层面开展更多关于AIV的研究，特别是那些专注于识别区域野生鸟类中地方流行亚型的研究。
