Preventive Medicine and Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.
Infection. 2013 Apr;41(2):465-71. doi: 10.1007/s15010-013-0414-2. Epub 2013 Feb 12.
Influenza has a high morbidity and mortality rate and an increased risk of complications in vulnerable individuals. Children and adults with asthma have a high risk of complications, hospitalisation and even death. The objectives of this study were as follows: to compare influenza vaccination coverage in Spain in a population of asthmatics aged ≥ 16 years with an equivalent population of non-asthmatics; to identify the factors that influence vaccination coverage among patients with asthma; and to compare coverage during the period 2006/2007 with that of 2009/2010.
We used data from the 2009 European Health Survey (EHS), which included a population of 22,188 individuals (≥ 16 years of age), of whom 1,669 [7.5 %; 95 % confidence interval (CI), 7.13-7.98] had asthma. The dependent variable was the answer (yes/no) to a question asking whether or not the interviewed person had been vaccinated against seasonal (not pandemic) influenza in the previous season. As independent variables, we analysed socio-demographic characteristics, health-related variables and the use of health care services.
Vaccination coverage was 35.2 % (95 % CI, 32.5-37.9) among asthmatics and 22.1 % (95 % CI, 21.4-22.7) among non-asthmatics (p < 0.001). The probability of being vaccinated is almost twice as high for asthmatics as it is for non-asthmatics [odds ratio (OR), 1.92; 95 % CI, 1.69-2.17]. Among asthmatics, vaccination coverage increased with age, worse self-rated health status and not smoking. No significant change in coverage was observed between the study periods.
Seasonal influenza vaccination coverage among Spanish asthmatics is lower than desired and has not improved in recent years. Urgent strategies are necessary in order to increase vaccination coverage among asthmatics.
流感发病率和死亡率高，易发生并发症，高危人群为儿童和成人哮喘患者。本研究旨在比较≥16 岁哮喘患者和非哮喘患者流感疫苗接种率，分析影响哮喘患者接种疫苗的因素，并比较 2006/2007 年和 2009/2010 年的接种率。
使用 2009 年欧洲健康调查（EHS）的数据，包括 22188 名（≥16 岁）个体，其中 1669 人（7.5%；95%置信区间，7.13-7.98）患有哮喘。因变量为上一季节是否接种季节性（非大流行）流感疫苗。自变量为社会人口统计学特征、健康相关变量和卫生服务利用情况。
哮喘患者的接种率为 35.2%（95%置信区间，32.5-37.9），非哮喘患者为 22.1%（95%置信区间，21.4-22.7）（p<0.001）。哮喘患者接种疫苗的概率是非哮喘患者的近两倍[比值比（OR），1.92；95%置信区间，1.69-2.17]。哮喘患者中，接种率随年龄增长、自我健康评估差和不吸烟而增加。在研究期间，接种率没有显著变化。
西班牙哮喘患者季节性流感疫苗接种率低于预期，近年来并未提高。有必要采取紧急策略提高哮喘患者的接种率。
