López-de-Andrés Ana, Carrasco-Garrido Pilar, Hernández-Barrera Valentín, de Miguel Angel Gil, Jiménez-García Rodrigo
Preventive Medicine and Public Health Teaching and Research Unit, Health Sciences Faculty, Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda de Atenas s/n, Alcorcón 28402 Madrid, Spain.
Eur J Public Health. 2008 Apr;18(2):173-7. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckm093. Epub 2007 Sep 17.
The main influenza complications particularly affect patients over the age of 65 years and those with associated chronic diseases, such as respiratory disorders. This study aims to assess vaccination coverage among Spanish children and adults with chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs), and to describe the factors associated with vaccination in 2003.
We analysed 28,113 records of individuals (6869 children and 21,244 adults) included in the Spanish National Health Survey (NHS) for 2003. As a dependent variable, we used the reply ('yes' or 'no') to the question: 'Did you have a 'flu shot in the latest campaign?' We calculated influenza vaccine coverage as the percentage of individuals with a respiratory disorder (asthma and/or chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema) who reported having been vaccinated against influenza in the most recent campaign. We analysed the influence of sociodemographic, health-status, medical visits and lifestyle variables on vaccination.
Vaccination coverage was 19.9% in children and 54.7% in adults suffering CRD. In both age groups, coverages were significantly higher than those observed for non-CRD sufferers. Among adults, older age, not smoking and medical visits to their physician in the preceding 2 weeks were the variables independently and significantly associated with a higher likelihood of receiving the vaccine. Among children, financial factors influence vaccination.
Vaccination coverage among children with CRDs is very low. Also among adult CRD sufferers, vaccination remains below the desired level, thereby making it necessary for strategies to be implemented aimed at improving the use of influenza vaccine.
主要的流感并发症尤其影响65岁以上的患者以及患有相关慢性疾病（如呼吸系统疾病）的人群。本研究旨在评估西班牙患有慢性呼吸系统疾病（CRD）的儿童和成人的疫苗接种覆盖率，并描述2003年与疫苗接种相关的因素。
我们分析了2003年西班牙国家健康调查（NHS）中纳入的28113名个体（6869名儿童和21244名成人）的记录。作为因变量，我们使用对以下问题的回答（“是”或“否”）：“在最近一次流感疫苗接种活动中，您接种流感疫苗了吗？”我们将流感疫苗接种覆盖率计算为患有呼吸系统疾病（哮喘和/或慢性支气管炎和/或肺气肿）且报告在最近一次活动中接种过流感疫苗的个体百分比。我们分析了社会人口统计学、健康状况、就诊情况和生活方式变量对疫苗接种的影响。
患有CRD的儿童疫苗接种覆盖率为19.9%，成人则为54.7%。在两个年龄组中，覆盖率均显著高于未患CRD的人群。在成年人中，年龄较大、不吸烟以及在过去2周内看过医生是与接种疫苗可能性较高独立且显著相关的变量。在儿童中，经济因素影响疫苗接种。
患有CRD的儿童疫苗接种覆盖率非常低。在患有CRD的成年人中，疫苗接种率也仍低于期望水平，因此有必要实施旨在提高流感疫苗使用率的策略。
