Jencek Jacqueline E, Beaufrère Hugues, Tully Thomas N, Garner Michael M, Dunker Freeland H, Baszler Timothy V
San Francisco Zoo, One Zoo Rd, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA.
J Avian Med Surg. 2012 Dec;26(4):225-31. doi: 10.1647/2010-046R1.1.
An outbreak of Chlamydophila psittaci occurred in an outdoor colony of 63 Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) at the San Francisco Zoo. Affected penguins presented with inappetence, lethargy, and light green urates. Hematologic and serum biochemical findings were consistent with chronic inflammation. Penguins did not respond to initial supportive and antimicrobial therapy, and 3 died. Necropsy results of the 3 birds revealed hepatomegaly and splenomegaly, and histologic lesions included necrotizing hepatitis, splenitis, and vasculitis. Chlamydophila psittaci infection was confirmed by results of Gimenez staining, immunohistochemistry, and tissue polymerase chain reaction assay. As additional birds continued to present with similar clinical signs, the entire colony of penguins was prophylactically treated with a 30-day minimum course of doxycycline, administered orally or intramuscularly or as a combination of both. Despite treatment, 9 additional penguins died during a 3-month period. Pathologic results from these birds revealed renal and visceral gout (n = 4), cardiac insufficiency (n = 2), sepsis from a suspected esophageal perforation (n = 2), and no gross lesions (n = 1). During the outbreak, 4 birds presented with seizures, 5 developed dermatitis, and nearly 90% of birds in the colony showed severe keratoconjunctivitis, believed to be related to drug therapy with doxycycline. We report the clinical and pathologic features of Chlamydophila psittaci infection in an outdoor colony of penguins and the associated challenges of treatment.
在旧金山动物园一个饲养着63只麦哲伦企鹅（Spheniscus magellanicus）的户外群落中爆发了鹦鹉热衣原体感染。患病企鹅表现出食欲不振、嗜睡和淡绿色尿酸盐。血液学和血清生化检查结果与慢性炎症相符。企鹅对初始的支持性治疗和抗菌治疗无反应，3只死亡。对这3只企鹅进行尸检，发现肝肿大和脾肿大，组织学病变包括坏死性肝炎、脾炎和血管炎。通过吉姆萨染色、免疫组织化学和组织聚合酶链反应检测结果确诊为鹦鹉热衣原体感染。随着更多企鹅持续出现类似临床症状，整个企鹅群落接受了至少为期30天的强力霉素预防性治疗，通过口服、肌肉注射或两者联合给药。尽管进行了治疗，但在3个月内又有9只企鹅死亡。这些企鹅的病理检查结果显示有肾和内脏痛风（4只）、心功能不全（2只）、疑似食管穿孔引起的败血症（2只）以及无明显病变（1只）。在疫情爆发期间，4只企鹅出现癫痫发作，5只出现皮炎，群落中近90%的企鹅表现出严重的角结膜炎，据信与强力霉素药物治疗有关。我们报告了企鹅户外群落中鹦鹉热衣原体感染的临床和病理特征以及相关的治疗挑战。
