Upstate Freshwater Institute, P.O. Box 506, Syracuse, NY 13214, USA.
Water Environ Res. 2013 Jan;85(1):13-26. doi: 10.2175/106143012x13415215906690.
A retrospective review and analysis are presented of the evolution of treatment, point of discharge considerations, and constituent loading from the Metropolitan Syracuse Wastewater Treatment Plant (Metro), and the coupled water quality effects on the receiving urban lake (Onondaga Lake, New York) from the early 1970s to 2010. The analysis is based on long-term monitoring of the discharge, Onondaga Lake, and a nearby river system considered as a potential alternate to receive the effluent. The Metro discharge is extraordinarily large relative to the lake's hydrologic budget, representing approximately 25% of the total inflow, greater than for any other lake in the United States. The large loads of nitrogen and phosphorus received from the facility resulted in severe water quality effects in the lake during the early portion of record, including (1) violations of standards to protect against toxic effects of ammonia and nitrite, (2) violations of the water clarity standard for swimming safety, (3) exceedances of a limit for the summer average concentration of total phosphorus in the upper waters, and (4) lakewide violations of the oxygen standard during fall turnover. The effects of Metro were compounded by effects of discharges from soda ash/chlor-alkali and pharmaceutical manufacturing facilities. The sedimentary record of the lake indicates that even greater levels of cultural eutrophication prevailed before the monitoring commenced. Dramatic improvements in the water quality of the lake were achieved in recent years by implementing advanced treatment technologies. Exceedances of receiving water limits in the lake were eliminated, with the exception of the total phosphorus limit. A zebra mussel invasion compromised the oxygen resources and assimilative capacity of the nearby river for more than 15 years. This eliminated an option, previously supported by managers, of full diversion of the Metro effluent to the river.
回顾和分析了从 20 世纪 70 年代初到 2010 年，锡拉丘兹大都市污水处理厂（Metro）的治疗方法演变、出院考虑因素以及组成物负荷的变化，以及对接受城市湖泊（纽约州奥农达加湖）的水质耦合影响。分析基于对排放物、奥农达加湖和附近河系的长期监测，该河系被认为是接收废水的潜在替代方案。与该湖的水文预算相比，Metro 的排放量非常大，约占总流入量的 25%，比美国任何其他湖泊都大。该设施接收的大量氮和磷导致湖中水质在记录早期出现严重影响，包括：(1) 氨和亚硝酸盐毒性效应保护标准的违反，(2) 游泳安全水质标准的违反，(3) 上水域总磷夏季平均浓度限值的超标，以及(4) 秋季翻转期间整个湖泊氧气标准的违反。Metro 的影响因苏打灰/氯碱和制药制造设施的排放影响而加剧。湖的沉积物记录表明，在监测开始之前，甚至存在更严重的文化富营养化水平。近年来，通过实施先进的处理技术，湖水水质得到了显著改善。除总磷限值外，湖中的接收水限值超标问题已得到解决。斑马贻贝入侵破坏了附近河流的氧气资源和同化能力超过 15 年。这消除了管理者之前支持的将 Metro 废水全部排入河流的选择。
