Matthews D A, Effler S W, Matthews C M, Siegfried C A, Spada M E
Upstate Freshwater Institute, Syracuse, NY 13214, USA.
Water Environ Res. 2001 Nov-Dec;73(6):691-703. doi: 10.2175/106143001x143439.
Responses of polluted Onondaga Lake, New York, to early stages of a phased program to rehabilitate the lake from the effects of domestic waste inputs are documented. The analysis is based on more than 10 years of paired monitoring of the effluent (total ammonia and total phosphorus) of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) that discharges to the lake as well as the lake itself (including total ammonia, nitrite, total and dissolved forms of phosphorus, plankton biomass and composition, Secchi disc transparency, and zebra mussel density). Major reductions in total ammonia and total phosphorus loading relative to the preceding decade are reported for the WWTP for the November 1998 through October 1999 interval. Dramatic and, in some cases, unanticipated changes in the lake's water quality and biota in response to the reductions in loading are documented for the April to October interval of 1999 including: (1) major decreases in total ammonia concentrations and improved status with respect to ammonia toxicity standards, (2) development of dense populations of zebra mussels, (3) decreases in fall concentrations of nitrite and improved status with respect to the related toxicity standard, (4) decreases in total phosphorus and total dissolved phosphorus concentrations, and (5) a severe Microcystis (phytoplankton) bloom that caused nuisance conditions and poor clarity. The zebra mussel invasion is attributed to the reductions in total ammonia concentrations to below toxic levels. The Microcystis bloom was probably related to the abrupt increase in the zebra mussel population. Additional reductions in phosphorus loading from the WWTP will be required to limit phytoplankton production and avoid the potential for continued nuisance conditions. Potential complications in resolving lake responses to future reductions in loading associated with the zebra mussel invasion are considered.
记录了纽约奥农达加湖对一项分阶段计划早期阶段的响应情况，该计划旨在使湖泊从生活污水排放的影响中恢复过来。分析基于对一家污水处理厂（WWTP）排放到该湖的废水（总氨和总磷）以及湖泊本身（包括总氨、亚硝酸盐、磷的总形态和溶解形态、浮游生物量和组成、塞氏盘透明度以及斑马贻贝密度）进行的超过10年的配对监测。报告称，在1998年11月至1999年10月期间，污水处理厂的总氨和总磷负荷相对于前十年有了大幅下降。记录了1999年4月至10月期间湖泊水质和生物群因负荷减少而发生的显著且在某些情况下出乎意料的变化，包括：（1）总氨浓度大幅下降且氨毒性标准方面的状况得到改善；（2）斑马贻贝大量繁殖；（3）秋季亚硝酸盐浓度下降且相关毒性标准方面的状况得到改善；（4）总磷和总溶解磷浓度下降；（5）严重的微囊藻（浮游植物）水华，造成了滋扰状况且透明度不佳。斑马贻贝的入侵归因于总氨浓度降至有毒水平以下。微囊藻水华可能与斑马贻贝数量的突然增加有关。需要进一步减少污水处理厂的磷负荷，以限制浮游植物的生长，并避免持续出现滋扰状况的可能性。考虑了在解决湖泊对未来与斑马贻贝入侵相关的负荷减少的响应方面可能出现的复杂情况。
