Complutense University of Madrid.
Percept Mot Skills. 2012 Dec;115(3):865-80. doi: 10.2466/08.25.PMS.115.6.865-880.
High-level sport can be analyzed using the complex system model, in which performance is constrained by many factors. Coaches' and athletes' perceptions of important positive and negative factors affecting performance were compared. Participants were 48 high-level international triathletes (n = 34) and their coaches (n = 14). They were personally interviewed via a questionnaire designed by four accredited experts, who selected groups of both positive and negative factors affecting performance. A list of factors was developed, in order of greater to lesser importance in the opinion of athletes and coaches, for subsequent analysis. Two ranked lists (positive and negative factors) indicated that athletes appear to rate personal environment factors (family, teammates, lack of support from relatives) higher, while the coaches tended to give more importance to technical and institutional aspects (institutional support, coach, medical support). There was complete agreement between coaches and triathletes about the top five positive factors. Negative factor agreement was somewhat lower (agreement on 3/5 factors). The most important positive factor for coaches and athletes was "dedication/engagement," while the most important factor adversely affecting performance was "injuries".
高水平运动可以使用复杂系统模型进行分析，在该模型中，表现受到许多因素的限制。比较了教练和运动员对影响表现的重要积极和消极因素的看法。参与者为 48 名高水平国际铁人三项运动员（n = 34）及其教练（n = 14）。他们通过由四名认证专家设计的问卷进行了个人访谈，这些专家选择了对表现产生积极和消极影响的因素组。根据运动员和教练的意见，按重要性从大到小的顺序列出了一系列因素，以备后续分析。两份排名列表（积极因素和消极因素）表明，运动员似乎更重视个人环境因素（家庭，队友，缺乏亲戚的支持），而教练则更倾向于重视技术和机构方面（机构支持，教练，医疗支持）。教练和铁人三项运动员对前五个积极因素的看法完全一致。负面因素的一致性略低（在 5 个因素中达成 3 个）。对教练和运动员来说最重要的积极因素是“奉献精神/投入”，而对表现产生不利影响的最重要因素是“受伤”。
