Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis (M.U.T.), Department Life Science and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale Mattioli, 25-10125 Turin, Italy.
N Biotechnol. 2013 Sep 25;30(6):685-94. doi: 10.1016/j.nbt.2013.01.010. Epub 2013 Feb 11.
The marine environment is characterized by high salinity and exerts a strong selective pressure on the biota, favouring the development of halo-tolerant microorganisms. Part of this microbial diversity is made up of fungi, important organisms from ecological and biotechnological points of view. In this study, for the first time, the qualitative and quantitative composition of the mycoflora associated to leaves, rhizomes, roots and matte of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica was estimated. A total of 88 fungal taxa, mainly belonging to Ascomycota, were identified by morphological and molecular methods. The most represented genera were Penicillium, Cladosporium and Acremonium. Most of the species (70) were selectively associated with one district; only two species (Penicillium chrysogenum var. chrysogenum and P. janczewskii) were isolated from all the districts. Moreover the capability to produce laccases, peroxidases and tannases by 107 fungal isolated by the different districts of P. oceanica was carried out. These results show that the mycoflora associated to P. oceanica is very rich and characterized by fungi able to produce ligninolytic enzymes and tannases useful to degrade and detoxify lignocellulose residues in presence of high salt concentrations. These fungi, hence, may play important ecological roles in marine environments but can also be very useful in different biotechnological areas.
海洋环境的特点是高盐度，并对生物群施加强烈的选择性压力，有利于耐盐微生物的发展。这种微生物多样性的一部分由真菌组成，从生态和生物技术的角度来看，真菌是重要的生物。在这项研究中，首次估计了与海草波西多尼亚海洋相关的叶、根茎、根和碎屑的真菌菌群的定性和定量组成。通过形态学和分子方法鉴定了总共 88 个真菌类群，主要属于子囊菌门。最具代表性的属是青霉属、枝孢属和枝孢属。大多数物种（70 种）选择性地与一个区系相关；只有两种（产黄青霉变种产黄青霉和 P.janczewskii）从所有区系中分离出来。此外，还对来自 P. oceanica 不同区系的 107 种真菌进行了产漆酶、过氧化物酶和单宁酶的能力。这些结果表明，与 P. oceanica 相关的真菌菌群非常丰富，其特征是能够产生木质素酶和单宁酶的真菌，这些酶有助于在高盐浓度下降解和解毒木质纤维素残留物。这些真菌，因此，可能在海洋环境中发挥重要的生态作用，但也可以在不同的生物技术领域非常有用。
