Miller Misty M, Donald David V, Hagemann Tracy M
Department of Clinical and Administrative Sciences, University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2012 Oct;17(4):340-50. doi: 10.5863/1551-6776-17.4.340.
Oral mucositis affects more than three-fourths of patients undergoing chemotherapy and represents a significant burden to patients and caregivers. Lesions develop as a result of chemotherapeutic agents attacking the rapidly dividing cells of the gastrointestinal tract. Severity can range from mild, painless tissue changes to bleeding ulcerations that prevent oral intake and require narcotic pain relievers. Oral mucositis also leads to an increased risk of infection and can often delay further chemotherapy treatment. A number of assessment scales have been developed to better qualify the symptoms associated with this condition. Few pharmacologic agents have been approved to either prevent the development or alleviate the symptoms of oral mucositis. Current options include the use of antimicrobial mouthwashes, amino acid rinses, and topical healing agents. Palifermin, a keratinocyte growth factor, may be a future option after its use in children is explored. With achievements in other areas of supportive care in patients undergoing chemotherapy, oral mucositis should represent the forefront of new research. This review will provide a comprehensive examination of available options for children who have oral mucositis.
口腔黏膜炎影响超过四分之三接受化疗的患者，给患者及其护理人员带来了沉重负担。化疗药物攻击胃肠道快速分裂的细胞导致病变。严重程度从轻微、无痛的组织变化到出血性溃疡不等，出血性溃疡会妨碍经口摄入，需要使用麻醉性镇痛药。口腔黏膜炎还会增加感染风险，并且常常会延误进一步的化疗治疗。已经开发了一些评估量表，以更好地对与这种情况相关的症状进行量化。很少有药物被批准用于预防口腔黏膜炎的发生或缓解其症状。目前的选择包括使用抗菌漱口水、氨基酸漱口水和局部愈合剂。角质形成细胞生长因子帕利夫明在儿童中的应用得到探索后，可能会成为未来的一种选择。随着化疗患者支持性护理其他领域取得的成果，口腔黏膜炎应成为新研究的前沿领域。本综述将全面审视患有口腔黏膜炎的儿童可用的治疗选择。
