Parker J C, Gitelman H J, Glosson P S, Leonard D L
J Gen Physiol. 1975 Jan;65(1):84-96. doi: 10.1085/jgp.65.1.84.
Dog red blood cells (RBC) are shown to regulate their volume in anisosmotic media. Extrusion of water from osmotically swollen cells requires external calcium and is associated with net outward sodium movement. Accumulation of water by osmotically shrunken cells is not calcium dependent and is associated with net sodium uptake. Net movements of calcium are influenced by several variables including cell volume, pH, medium sodium concentration, and cellular sodium concentration. Osmotic swelling of cells increases calcium permeability, and this effect is diminished at acid pH. Net calcium flux in either direction between cells and medium is facilitated when the sodium concentrations is low in the compartment from which calcium moves and/or high in the compartment to which calcium moves. The hypothesis is advanced that energy for active sodium extrusion in dog RBC comes from passive, inward flow of calcium through a countertransport mechanism.
犬类红细胞（RBC）在非等渗介质中可调节自身体积。从渗透性肿胀的细胞中挤出水分需要外部钙，且与钠的净外向移动有关。渗透性收缩的细胞对水的蓄积不依赖于钙，且与钠的净摄取有关。钙的净移动受几个变量影响，包括细胞体积、pH值、介质钠浓度和细胞内钠浓度。细胞的渗透性肿胀会增加钙通透性，且这种效应在酸性pH值时会减弱。当钙移动出的隔室中钠浓度低和/或钙移动进入的隔室中钠浓度高时，细胞与介质之间双向的钙净通量会增加。有人提出假说，犬类红细胞中主动钠排出的能量来自钙通过反向转运机制的被动内向流动。
