Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 21, Bratislava 84551, Slovakia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2013 Feb 18;14(2):4050-65. doi: 10.3390/ijms14024050.
Membranes are vital structures for cellular life forms. As thin, hydrophobic films, they provide a physical barrier separating the aqueous cytoplasm from the outside world or from the interiors of other cellular compartments. They maintain a selective permeability for the import and export of water-soluble compounds, enabling the living cell to maintain a stable chemical environment for biological processes. Cell membranes are primarily composed of two crucial substances, lipids and proteins. Bacterial membranes can sense environmental changes or communication signals from other cells and they support different cell processes, including cell division, differentiation, protein secretion and supplementary protein functions. The original fluid mosaic model of membrane structure has been recently revised because it has become apparent that domains of different lipid composition are present in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes. In this review, we summarize different aspects of phospholipid domain formation in bacterial membranes, mainly in Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis. We describe the role of these lipid domains in membrane dynamics and the localization of specific proteins and protein complexes in relation to the regulation of cellular function.
细胞膜对于细胞生命形式至关重要。作为薄的疏水性薄膜，它们提供了物理屏障，将水相细胞质与外界或其他细胞区室的内部隔开。它们对水溶性化合物的进出口保持选择性通透性，使活细胞能够维持生物过程的稳定化学环境。细胞膜主要由两种关键物质组成：脂质和蛋白质。细菌膜可以感知环境变化或来自其他细胞的通信信号，并支持不同的细胞过程，包括细胞分裂、分化、蛋白质分泌和辅助蛋白质功能。最近，由于明显的原因，膜结构的原始流动镶嵌模型已经被修订，即不同脂质组成的域存在于真核和原核细胞膜中。在这篇综述中，我们总结了细菌膜中磷脂域形成的不同方面，主要涉及革兰氏阴性大肠杆菌和革兰氏阳性枯草芽孢杆菌。我们描述了这些脂质域在膜动力学中的作用，以及特定蛋白质和蛋白质复合物在与细胞功能调节有关的定位。
