Los Alamos National Laboratory, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos, NM, USA.
Sci Rep. 2013;3:1323. doi: 10.1038/srep01323.
Liquid-liquid-solid transitions (LLST) are known to occur in confined liquids, exist in supercooled liquids and emerge in liquids driven from equilibrium. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations claim many successes in forecasting the phenomena. The transitions are also studied in the framework of thermodynamics based methods and minimalistic models. In here, the proposed approach is derived in the framework of continuum and includes spatial and temporal dynamic heterogeneities; the approach is meant to capture the material behavior at small scales. We conjecture that the liquid-like and solid-like behaviors are dissimilar enough for the two to be governed by different constitutive relations. In this way, we gain additional degree of freedom, which is found essential when predicting the transitional phenomena. As a result, we derive the LLST criteria for liquids in equilibrium, during steady flow and at transient conditions. Lastly, we forecast short-lived LLSTs in human blood during cardiac cycle.
液-液-固转变（LLST）已知存在于受限液体中，存在于过冷液体中，并在从平衡驱动的液体中出现。分子动力学（MD）模拟在预测这些现象方面取得了许多成功。这些转变也在基于热力学的方法和简约模型的框架内进行研究。在这里，所提出的方法是在连续体的框架内推导出来的，包括空间和时间动态异质性；该方法旨在捕捉小尺度上的材料行为。我们推测，液体和固体的行为足够不同，以至于它们可以由不同的本构关系来控制。通过这种方式，我们获得了额外的自由度，这在预测过渡现象时是必不可少的。因此，我们推导出了平衡液体、稳态流动和瞬态条件下的 LLST 准则。最后，我们预测了人类血液在心脏周期中的短暂 LLST。
