Wagatsuma Akira, Sakuma Kunihiro
Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
ScientificWorldJournal. 2013;2013:593267. doi: 10.1155/2013/593267. Epub 2013 Feb 3.
Recent studies have shown that mitochondria play a role in the regulation of myogenesis. Indeed, the abundance, morphology, and functional properties of mitochondria become altered when the myoblasts differentiate into myotubes. For example, mitochondrial mass/volume, mtDNA copy number, and mitochondrial respiration are markedly increased after the onset of myogenic differentiation. Besides, mitochondrial enzyme activity is also increased, suggesting that the metabolic shift from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation as the major energy source occurs during myogenic differentiation. Several lines of evidence suggest that impairment of mitochondrial function and activity blocks myogenic differentiation. However, yet little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of myogenesis by mitochondria. Understanding how mitochondria are involved in myogenesis will provide a valuable insight into the underlying mechanisms that regulate the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Here, we will summarize the current knowledge regarding the role of mitochondria as a potential regulator of myogenesis.
最近的研究表明，线粒体在肌生成的调节中发挥作用。确实，当成肌细胞分化为肌管时，线粒体的丰度、形态和功能特性会发生改变。例如，成肌分化开始后，线粒体质量/体积、线粒体DNA拷贝数和线粒体呼吸显著增加。此外，线粒体酶活性也增加，这表明在成肌分化过程中发生了从糖酵解到氧化磷酸化作为主要能量来源的代谢转变。有几条证据表明，线粒体功能和活性受损会阻碍成肌分化。然而，关于线粒体调节肌生成的分子机制仍知之甚少。了解线粒体如何参与肌生成将为调节细胞内稳态维持的潜在机制提供有价值的见解。在这里，我们将总结关于线粒体作为肌生成潜在调节因子作用的当前知识。
