Placenta-Labor, Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany.
J Reprod Immunol. 2013 Mar;97(1):51-61. doi: 10.1016/j.jri.2012.11.001.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are expressed in the placenta and can be detected in maternal plasma. An increasing number of studies have been published on the cellular origin, distribution and function of miRNAs in pregnancy. Specific miRNA profiles have been described for the placenta, maternal plasma and several pregnancy disorders. It has been observed that numerous miRNAs, which are predominantly or exclusively expressed during pregnancy, are clustered in chromosomal regions, may be controlled by the same promoters, may have similar seed regions and targets, and work synergistically. The three most eminent clusters are the chromosome 19 miRNA cluster (C19MC), C14MC and miR-371-3 cluster, which is also localized on chromosome 19. MiRNA members of these clusters are not only detected in the placenta, but also in other compartments, e.g. in serum where they have the potential to become novel biomarkers of pregnancy disorders. Additionally, some members are also expressed in a variety of tumors. Antagonism of selected miRNAs or their targets may lead to novel strategies for the development of new drug classes in pregnancy disorders or other diseases. This review summarizes current knowledge on the pregnancy-related miRNA clusters - the C19MC, C14MC and miR-371-3 cluster - in regard to pregnancy and also other, mostly pathological circumstances.
微小 RNA（miRNAs）在胎盘中有表达，并可在母体血浆中检测到。越来越多的研究已经发表了关于 miRNAs 在妊娠中的细胞起源、分布和功能。特定的 miRNA 图谱已被描述为胎盘、母体血浆和几种妊娠疾病。已经观察到，许多主要或专门在怀孕期间表达的 miRNAs 聚集在染色体区域中，可能由相同的启动子控制，可能具有相似的种子区和靶标，并协同作用。三个最突出的簇是染色体 19 miRNA 簇（C19MC）、C14MC 和 miR-371-3 簇，它也位于染色体 19 上。这些簇的 miRNA 成员不仅在胎盘，而且在其他部位，例如血清中被检测到，它们有可能成为妊娠疾病的新型生物标志物。此外，一些成员也在多种肿瘤中表达。选择的 miRNAs 或其靶标的拮抗作用可能会为妊娠疾病或其他疾病的新型药物类别开发提供新的策略。这篇综述总结了与妊娠相关的 miRNA 簇——C19MC、C14MC 和 miR-371-3 簇——在妊娠以及其他主要病理情况下的最新知识。
