Lima Carlos Anselmo, Silva Angela Maria da, Kuwano André Yoichi, Rangel Margareth Rose Uchôa, Macedo-Lima Matheus
Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil.
Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2013 Jan-Feb;59(1):15-20. doi: 10.1590/s0104-42302013000100006.
International data have reported prostate cancer as the most frequent among men, and the third highest in mortality. A rise in incidence has been observed in the course of recent decades, probably influenced by early detection, mainly in asymptomatic men, through regular screening with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing. The purpose of this study was to contribute to information on trends in prostate cancer incidence and mortality using population-based data.
This was an exploratory ecological study of time trends, aiming at describing changes in prostate cancer incidence and mortality in Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil, from 1996 to 2006. Rates were calculated from data of the Registro de Câncer de Base Populacional de Aracaju. Trends were calculated using the Joinpoint Regression Program.
For the study period, 1,490 incident cases and 334 deaths were included. Incident cases were more common after 50 years of age, and deaths after 55 years. Age-standardized incidence rates of 46.6 and 50.0/100,000 were observed in the early years of the series, and then progressively increased, with rates higher than 100.0/100,000 in later years. For mortality, age-standardized rates varied from 21.6 and 16.6/100,000 to 24.1 and 28.9/100,000 in later years. Joinpoint analysis identified one joinpoint for the incidence series, resulting in two trends, the first with annual percent change of 34% and the second with 5.8%; for the mortality series no joinpoint was identified, and the annual percent change was 2.1%.
There was a sharp increase in incidence rates during the study period, probably due to screening. Mortality rates had a small upward trend, and did not show major changes during the study period.
国际数据显示前列腺癌是男性中最常见的癌症，且死亡率位列第三。近几十年来观察到其发病率有所上升，这可能受到早期检测的影响，主要是通过对无症状男性进行前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）检测的定期筛查。本研究的目的是利用基于人群的数据，为前列腺癌发病率和死亡率趋势的信息提供补充。
这是一项关于时间趋势的探索性生态研究，旨在描述1996年至2006年巴西塞尔希培州阿拉卡茹市前列腺癌发病率和死亡率的变化。发病率和死亡率是根据阿拉卡茹市人群癌症登记处的数据计算得出的。趋势是使用Joinpoint回归程序计算的。
在研究期间，共纳入1490例新发病例和334例死亡病例。新发病例在50岁以后更为常见，死亡病例在55岁以后更为常见。在该系列研究的早期，年龄标准化发病率分别为46.6和50.0/10万，随后逐渐上升，后期高于100.0/10万。对于死亡率，年龄标准化率从21.6和16.6/10万变化到后期的24.1和28.9/10万。Joinpoint分析确定发病率系列有一个连接点，产生两个趋势，第一个趋势的年变化率为34%，第二个趋势为5.8%；死亡率系列未确定连接点，年变化率为2.1%。
在研究期间发病率急剧上升，可能是由于筛查所致。死亡率有小幅上升趋势，在研究期间未显示出重大变化。
